O-ring cartridge: operating principle and size

In 1842 in France, a low-noise cartridge designed for training firing was designed. Today, this product is more commonly known as a ring ignition cartridge. Another name for the product is the "side fire cartridge". Thanks to low noise and reliability in operation, as well as low cost shells are very popular in the world.

The design of "side fire" cartridges

In the XIX century, the product of the French armorer Louis Flaubert was a sleeve with an impact composition pressed into the ridge of her donkey. The name of the projectile was received due to the fact that during the shooting the striker hit not in the center, but along its peripheral part.

This cartridge was not equipped with a powder charge and a capsule. For the emission of pulka, only gases of flammable compositions were sufficient. When used, the sleeves were often broken at the point where the metal with the greatest bending pressure was weakened by double bending. For the production of bullets, lead was predominantly used. Sometimes other metals were used for these purposes.

At that time, three rounds of the projectile were known: a ring ignition cartridge 9 mm, 6 mm and 4 mm. In 1888, based on the patron Flaubert American designers created their own version of the caliber of 5, 6 mm. The first modern cartridge of ring ignition is 22 Short, which differs from its analog with the presence of a powder charge.

What is the function of the bullet insert?

A special insert is provided for the ring-shaped cartridge, which prevents uncontrolled rotation of the bullet in the channel. This, in turn, positively affects the accuracy of the shooting. Inserts can be of two variants:

• Easily removable. They are mounted before the shooting begins.
• Fixed.

The bullet insert is a product with a smooth inner channel that tapers uniformly closer to the muzzle. In this design, the "cylinder with head" principle operates, which improves accuracy when shooting. In the manufacture of the inner surface of the bullet liner, the channel dorneling technology is used. This gives the product the necessary hardness.

Application of Flaubert cartridges

These munitions are considered very low-power and have a low initial velocity of the bullet, not exceeding 200 m / sec. This speed is typical for the average air rifle. The difference between the bullet, which is equipped with Flaubert's cartridge, from the pulsation of the wind weapon is that in the same caliber the bullet has a larger mass. Due to this, firearms are endowed with more energy.

Today, such cartridges are not as popular as they used to be, they are replaced by the pulses of windguns. Cartridges can be used at short distances. Today, production of special revolvers adapted for firing with these cartridges has been set up. Revolvers are an effective means of self-defense. When shooting from a long-barrel weapon using "side-arms", there is no muzzle flame or loud sound. Demanded cartridges among farmers, as an ammunition for firing at harmful rodents. For such cases, manufacturers recommend products containing a spherical bullet. These cartridges are intended for smoothbore weapons.

The appearance of the patron "Monte Cristo"

In Russia, the arms designer Beringerom Flaubert's cartridge was finalized and for its customers became known as "Monte Cristo." Unlike the French counterpart, the Russian was a product from a stronger and longer cartridge case. In addition, it was equipped with a powder charge from smoky powder. The shape of the bullet was also subject to change.

An improved cartridge was intended primarily for military purposes. Over time, it has found its application in hunting and sports shooting. Due to the fact that the projectile has low power and does not pose a threat to human life, the weapon that uses these munitions does not belong to the category of firearms. Despite this, in the Russian Federation the exploitation of weapons under the patronage of Flaubert is prohibited. Due to the fact that there is no certification required by law.

What was the purpose for this low-power cartridge?

At the time of the creation of Flaubert's patron, the following goals were pursued:

• The cartridge must be low-noise.
• Have a low power - the penetrating ability of the bullet.
• When firing, give consistently high accuracy of combat.

All these requirements are met by a cartridge of 5, 6 mm of annular ignition.

Characteristics of the standard rifle cartridge

• The weight of the bullet is 2.55 grams.
• The long cartridge has an initial velocity of 335 m / sec.
• At a distance of 50 m, the bullet speeds up to 300 m / s.
• At a distance of 100 m - 275 m / sec.
• The distance is 300 m - 217 m / s.
• The use of a firing range at a distance of 50 m is fraught with an excess of the bullet flight path up to two meters.
• From 100 meters - 13.
• From 300 meters - 196.

A rifling standard annular flare cartridge of 5, 6 mm gives the best results in a closed room, which is characterized by constant temperature and humidity.

Beringer's patron these days

Today, among consumers, bullets of annular ignition of caliber 5,6 mm are very popular. Cylindrical sleeve is made of steel or brass. The protruding flange is equipped with a non-rusting capsule compound and a lead-free unmanned bullet. To reduce lead, they are treated with special paraffin greases. Instead of smoky gunpowder , a quick-blowing fine-grained smokeless is used. The granulation in it is porous or spherical.

Group of cartridges for sport shooting

The cartridge of 5, 6 mm of circular ignition has found its application in shooting competitions. Since all participants are on an equal footing, their inventory also has clear international standards, according to which the cartridge can be:

• Long rifle Long rifle. It is labeled (LR). Used to fire rifles and pistols. The cartridge has an initial speed of up to 350 m / s.

• Short - Kurz. Applicable only for pistols. To produce high-speed shooting according to established international rules, it is possible, only using this annular ignition cartridge 5, 6 mm. Dimensional characteristics of this caliber in the conduct of sports are considered mandatory for all participants. The country of manufacture is not taken into account.

What are the names of cartridges and how are they labeled?

Depending on its purpose, the round ignition cartridges are divided into:

• Sport-hunting. The bullet weighs 2.6 grams, the cartridge - 3.5 g. The size of the cartridge is 25.5 mm, bullets - 15.6 mm. Used sport rifles and combined rifles. These products are not labeled.
• Target-rifle. Dimensions of the ammunition correspond to sports - hunting cartridges. Used by standard rifles for shooting at short distances (50 meters). Marked with the letter "C".
• Pistol. Used single-shot sports pistols at distances from 25 to 50 meters. Dimensions correspond to the target cartridges. Differ by the weight of the cartridge. The weight of the pistol is 3.3 grams. Marked by two superimposed five-pointed stars.
• Shortened. Applicable for shooting at a distance not exceeding 25 meters in enclosed spaces. The length of the cartridge is 17.9 mm, bullets - 10.55 mm. Bullet weight - 1.87 grams, cartridge - 2.52. For marking, a circle image is used.
• Sports for the "Biathlon" exercise. The sizes correspond to sports-hunting similar cartridges. Bullet weight is 2.7 grams, cartridge - 3.4 g. For marking, a five-pointed star is used.

Where else are they used?

Modern installation works can not do without the use of such special pyrotechnic devices as construction rounds of annular ignition. Today they have become indispensable in any construction site.

Using the ring-type mounting cartridge, it is easy and quick to work with concrete, brick, plywood and other dense materials. Now, with the help of a mounting pistol and cartridges, the master does not need to drill a hole. Fastening is made immediately, which saves time and effort.

What is a ring-type mounting cartridge?

The product is a special pyrotechnic device. In assembly pistols, the construction of round ignition cartridges serves as a source of energy necessary to drive the dowel into materials of various densities. Unlike the battle cartridge, the building cartridge is considered to be single, since it is not equipped with a bullet. It has the form of a small sleeve, whose dulce is rolled.

Smokeless powder is used for filling. There is a construction cartridge of ring ignition after detonation of the primer-igniter. The reaction occurs as a result of striking the flange against the flange edge. The ring ignition ring in the construction industry is not the only option. There is also a type of cartridges of Berdan and Boxer, for the capsules of which the central battle is characteristic.

What is the principle of action?

Used with mounting pistols, round-barreled rounds of 5.6x16, 6.8x11, 6.8x15, 6.8x18 calibers make it possible to fasten materials and structures with dowels, the sizes of which are 3 to 8 cm. The principle of direct mounting is used in this work.

Smokeless powder mass, which is filled with cartridges, after the detonation of the capsules ignites with the release of gas. The resulting gas is the energy that acts on the dowel located in the trunk channel of the mounting pistol. After the charge is ignited, the dowel starts to move along the barrel channel to the surface of the mounted materials. As a result of the high voltage in the channel, the dowel becomes very hot. Strength and quality of the connection are achieved by the stubble of the dowel body to the surface.

The foreign manufacturer of Sellier and Bellot

Among the numerous manufacturers, the products of the foreign company Sellier and Bellot, which produces rounds of annular ignition caliber of 5.6 - 9 mm, became very popular. An appropriate powder charge is provided for each product. The construction cartridges of 5, 6 mm annular ignition have an energy in the range of 100 to 500 Joules.

What kind of construction do shells have?

Mounting cartridges of the foreign manufacturer consist of a brass sleeve, impact structure and powder charge. In order to ensure its tightness, the cartridge collar is wound with a star. In some cases, cardboard wool can be used.

Weak sides

The disadvantage of the product is its high cost. This is due to the use in the manufacture of expensive brass sleeves. Another disadvantage of the Sellier and Bellot products is that the powder charges are filled into the sleeve freely and are not pressed. As a result, the capacity of the cartridge is reduced.

Products of Russian origin

The construction cartridges of calibers 5,6-6,3 mm, made in Russia, do not meet the requirements of the Brussels Convention, since they have an overestimated by 5 mm length of the sleeve. In addition, it has insufficient strength to use charges with increased power. In Russia, construction cartridges of annular ignition of caliber of 6.8 mm are produced. Powder charge is contained in the lacquered cartridge case, for closing which is used a star.

What is the modernization of the construction cartridge?

After numerous studies of assembly rounds of ring ignition, the developers decided to strengthen them by increasing the density. This procedure is carried out by pressing the powder charge. Having solid walls, the sleeve is capable of withstanding such amplification. In the standard construction cartridge after the impact of the striker, the granular powder charge ignites. The lower part of the sleeve contains a charge with an insignificant density. The presence of gaps between grains does not interfere with combustion. In the cartridge that has been processed, the density increases, and as a result, these gaps are reduced, which subsequently eliminates the appearance of separate combustion zones in the sleeve.

It was decided to create a new 5.6 mm caliber cartridge with increased power for use with mounting pistols. In the modernized cartridge, the combustion volume increases substantially, and the process itself proceeds evenly. There is complete combustion of the powder elements. After increasing the density, the retention of gases by unburned powder layers is observed. As a result, the asterisks or cardboard wizards installed on the barrel do not open prematurely. The increase in density by pressing the charge makes it possible to equip the sleeve with a larger mass of gunpowder, which has a beneficial effect on power. It increases by 30%.

Thus, the modernization touched only the content of the cartridge case. External parameters and dimensions remained unchanged. Compared with the identical in size standard mounting cartridges, the new ones have increased power.

Conclusion

The round ignition cartridges can only be operated after the safety precautions have been passed. Before starting the work, the master should know what density the powder charge has, what dowel will be used. Knowledge of the construction of these construction cartridges and their characteristics will help to optimize the work, as well as to prevent damage to the working material and tools.