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Angiotensin receptor blockers 2: drugs and mechanism of action

Both prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases require a responsible and serious approach. These kinds of problems today are increasingly troubling people. Therefore, many people tend to treat them lightly. Such people often either completely ignore the need to undergo treatment, or take drugs without prescribing a doctor (according to the advice of friends). However, it is important to remember: the fact that some medicine has helped another does not at all guarantee that it will help you. To form a treatment regimen, you need enough knowledge, skills that only specialists have. Also, you can prescribe any medications, only taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body, the degree of severity of the disease, the peculiarities of its course and anamnesis. In addition, today there are many effective medicines that only specialists can select and appoint. For example, this refers to the Sartans - a special group of drugs (they are also called angiotensin 2 receptor blockers). What are these drugs? How do angiotensin 2 receptor blockers work? Contraindications to the use of substances refer to which groups of paysentas? In what cases would it be appropriate to apply them? What drugs are in this group of substances? The answers to all these and some other questions will be discussed in detail in this article.

Sartans

This group of substances is also called as follows: angiotensin receptor blockers 2. Drugs belonging to this group of drugs have been produced through careful study of the causes of cardiovascular diseases. Today, their use in cardiology is becoming more common.

Angiotensin receptor blockers 2: mechanism of action

Before you start using prescribed medications, it is important to understand how they act. How does angiotensin receptor 2 blockers affect the human body? The drugs of the group under consideration bind to the receptors, thus blocking a significant increase in blood pressure. This helps effectively prevent hypertension. Blockers of angiotensin 2 receptors are the most effective in this respect substances. Specialists give them due attention.

Angiotensin receptor blockers 2: classification

There are several types of Sartans, differing in their chemical structure. It is possible to select angiotensin receptor-blockers suitable for the patient. The drugs listed below are important to investigate and discuss the appropriateness of their use with their own physician.

So, there are four groups of Sartans:

  • Biphenyl derivatives of tetrazole.
  • Nonbiphenyl derivatives of tetrazole.
  • Nonbiphenyl neotrazole.
  • Noncyclic compounds.

Thus, there are several types of substances to which angiotensin receptor blockers are divided. The drugs (the list of the main ones) are presented below:

  • "Losartan".
  • "Eprosartan."
  • "Irbesartan".
  • Telmisartan.
  • "Valsartan."
  • "Candesartan".

Indications for use

Take the substances of this group can only be prescribed by the attending physician. There are several cases in which it would be reasonable to use angiotensin receptor blockers 2. Clinical aspects of the drugs of the group under consideration are the following:

  • Hypertension. It is this disease is considered the main indication for the use of Sartans. This is due to the fact that angiotensin 2 receptor blockers do not have a negative effect on the metabolism, do not provoke erectile dysfunction, do not impair bronchial patency. The effect of the drug begins two to four weeks after the start of treatment.
  • Heart failure. Blockers of angiotensin 2 receptors inhibit the action of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, whose activity provokes the development of the disease.
  • Nephropathy. As a result of diabetes and hypertension, there are serious dysfunctions in the functioning of the kidneys. The blockers of the angiotensin 2 receptors protect these internal organs and do not allow the excretion of too much protein in the urine.

"Losartan"

An effective substance that is part of the Sartan group. "Losartan" - angiotensin receptor antagonist blocker 2. Its difference from other drugs is a significant increase in exercise tolerance in people suffering from heart failure. The action of the substance becomes maximum after six hours from the moment of taking the medicine. The desired effect is achieved after three to six weeks of use.

The main indications for the use of the medicinal product in question are the following:

  • heart failure;
  • arterial hypertension;
  • Reduction in the risk of stroke in those patients who have the prerequisites for this.

It is forbidden to use "Lozartan" during the period of childbearing and during breastfeeding, as well as in case of individual sensitivity to individual components of the drug.

Angiotensin receptor blockers 2, to which the drug in question relates, may cause certain side effects such as dizziness, insomnia, sleep, taste, vision, tremor, depression, memory disorder, pharyngitis, cough, bronchitis, rhinitis, nausea, gastritis, Toothache, diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, convulsions, arthritis, shoulder pain, back, legs, palpitations, anemia, impaired renal function, impotence, weakening of libido, erythema, alopecia, rash, itching, swelling, fever, gout, hyperkalemia .

Take the drug should be once a day, regardless of food intake, at doses prescribed by the doctor in charge.

"Valsartan"

This drug effectively reduces hypertrophy of the myocardium, which arises from the development of hypertension. The withdrawal syndrome does not appear after discontinuation of the drug, although it is caused by some angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (the description of the Sartan group helps to determine which medicines this property belongs to).

The main indications for taking the substance in question are the following conditions: myocardial infarction, primary or secondary hypertension, congestive heart failure.

Tablets are taken orally. They should be swallowed without chewing. The dose of the drug is prescribed by the attending physician. But the maximum amount of a substance that can be taken within a day is six hundred and forty milligrams.

Sometimes, angiotensin receptor blockers can have an adverse effect on the body. 2. Side effects that Valsartan can cause: decreased libido, itching, dizziness, neutropenia, loss of consciousness, sinusitis, insomnia, myalgia, diarrhea, anemia, cough, back pain , Vertigo, nausea, vasculitis, swelling, rhinitis. If any of the above reactions occur, you should immediately contact a specialist.

"Candesartan"

The preparation in question is manufactured in the form of tablets for oral administration. It should be taken once or twice a day at the same time, regardless of food intake. Carefully follow the recommendations of specialists. It is important not to stop taking the drug even when you feel better. Otherwise, this can negate the effectiveness of the drug.

When using it, one should be cautious of those patients who suffer from diabetes, kidney failure, or bear a child. All these states need to be notified by specialists.

Telmisartan

This drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in a fairly short time. It can be taken regardless of food intake. The main indication for use is arterial hypertension. The half-life of the drug is more than twenty hours. The drug is excreted through the intestine almost unchanged.

It is forbidden to take the drug in question during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

The drug can cause the following side effects: insomnia, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, depression, abdominal pain, pharyngitis, rash, cough, myalgia, urinary tract infections, low blood pressure, chest pain, palpitation, anemia.

"Eprosartan"

The drug should be taken once a day. The recommended amount of the drug for single use is six hundred milligrams. The maximum effect is achieved after two to three weeks of use. "Eprosartan" can be a part of complex therapy, and the main component of monotherapy.

In no case should you use the drug in question during lactation or pregnancy.

What side effects can occur when using "Eprosartan"? Among them are the following: weakness, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, rhinitis, cough, shortness of breath, swelling, chest pain.

"Irbesartan"

The preparation in question is taken orally. It is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in a short time. The maximum concentration of the substance in the blood comes after one and a half to two hours. Eating does not affect the effectiveness of the medication.

If the patient is assigned hemodialysis, this does not affect the mechanism of action of Irbesartan. This substance is not excreted from the human body by hemodialysis. Similarly, the drug can safely be taken by patients suffering from mild or moderate liver cirrhosis.

The drug should be swallowed without chewing. Its use does not need to be combined with eating. The optimal initial dosage is one hundred and fifty milligrams per day. Elderly patients are advised to begin treatment with seventy milligrams. In the course of treatment, your doctor may decide to change the dosage (for example, to increase it if there is insufficient therapeutic effect on the body). In this case, the patient may be prescribed to take three hundred milligrams of the drug or, in principle, replace the main drug. For example, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, the dosage should be gradually changed from one hundred and fifty milligrams per day to three hundred milligrams (this is the most effective amount to control nephropathy).

There are certain features of the use of the drug in question. Thus, patients suffering from water-electrolyte imbalance, before the start of treatment, it is necessary to eliminate some of its manifestations (hyponatremia).

If a person has a disturbed kidney function, then his treatment scheme can be the same as if there was no such problem. The same applies to mild and moderate hepatic dysfunction. At the same time, with simultaneous hemodialysis, the initial amount of the drug should be halved compared to the usual and be seventy-five milligrams a day.

Specialists do not recommend using the drug under consideration to minors, since it is not established how safe and effective it is for patients of this age.

"Irbesartan" is strictly contraindicated for use by women who have a child, since it directly affects the development of the fetus. If the pregnancy occurred at the time of the therapy, the latter should be immediately canceled. It is recommended to switch to the use of alternative drugs before the beginning of pregnancy planning. The drug in question is not allowed to be used during breastfeeding, as there is no information as to whether the substance enters the breast milk.

Summing up

To maintain one's health is the personal responsibility of every person. And the older the age, the more effort it will have to make. However, the pharmaceutical industry provides invaluable assistance in this, constantly working on the creation of more advanced and more effective drugs. In particular, the angiotensin receptor blockers discussed in this article are actively used in the fight against cardiovascular diseases. The drugs listed in this article are discussed in detail in this article and should be used and applied to the prescribing physician who is well acquainted with the current Patient's state of health, and only under his constant control. Among such medicines are allocated "Lozartan", "Eprosartan", "Irbesartan", "Telmisartan", "Valsartan" and "Candesartan". Prescribe the drugs in question only in the following cases: in the presence of hypertension, nephropathy and heart failure.

If you want to start self-medication, it's important to remember the danger that is associated with this. First, when using the medicines under consideration, it is important to accurately observe the dosage and from time to time adjust it depending on the current state of the patient. To carry out all these procedures correctly only a professional can. Since only the attending physician can, on the basis of the examination and the results of the tests, prescribe the appropriate dosages and precisely form the treatment regimen. After all, therapy will be effective only if the patient adheres to the doctor's recommendations.

On the other hand, it is important to contribute to the improvement of one's own physical condition by observing the rules of a healthy lifestyle. Such patients need to correctly adjust the sleep and wakefulness regime, maintain the water balance, and adjust food habits (in fact, poor-quality nutrition, which does not provide the body with sufficient quantities of necessary nutrients, will not allow us to recover in a normal rhythm).

Choose high-quality medicines. Take care of yourself and your loved ones. Be healthy!

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