Motor-pump fire: characteristics, device. Types of fire pumps

Usually motor pumps are associated with the communication of garden areas and agricultural land. They are successfully used in the organization of irrigation and irrigation systems, and also contain for effective pumping out of water at flooding of basements with melt water. In addition, such equipment allows you to cope with the outbreak. Technical systems for water supply are rarely used for fire extinguishing, but in this case the design allows performing such tasks due to mobility and sufficient pressure. At the same time, the fire pump, the photo of which is presented below, has several types and different performance indicators.

Scope of operation of units

Such units can be used both in private economy, and in public services of buildings, as well as in highly specialized areas. As for individual needs, systems are more often used to protect houses and adjacent buildings from possible fires - especially when it comes to wooden buildings. In municipal services, the use of a fire pump is often reduced to dealing with the consequences of accidental flooding. This function can not be excluded in private households, where there may be a need for pumping water from cellars and wells.

As for more specialized areas, it is possible to single out rescue operations, archaeological excavations, maintenance of sea-going vessels and, of course, the work of fire services. In other words, wherever protection against fire or performing pumping out of water is required, a fire pump in one form or another may be useful. The equipment should be selected according to several criteria, so that during operation none of the performance indicators violate the function of the unit.

The device and the principle of the fire pump operation

Motor pumps show an example of a fairly simple, but at the same time, productive equipment. The basis of the unit is a bundle of motor-pump, which is enclosed in a special case or protected by a frame structure. The pump can consist of wheels and blades. At the moment of starting the equipment under the influence of the centrifugal force , the rotation of the blades begins. This leads to the movement of the serviced fluid through the hoses - usually the input and output "sleeves" are provided. It is also worth noting the function of the non-return valve, which is supplied with a fire pump. The instruction for pumps of this type emphasizes the risks of their operation "on dry". It is to prevent this mode of operation that a valve is provided that retains liquid inside the equipment. The work stops when the water is pumped.

Main operational characteristics

Start the review of technical data motor pump follows from the height of the lift. From this parameter depends the possibility of using the equipment, for example, in the fight against forest fire or the fire of a high-rise building. For such purposes, aggregates with a lifting height of at least 16 m are used. It should be noted that modern models mostly provide a lifting of at least 20 m.

Another important indicator is productivity. It should not be confused with the height of the delivery of water, since in some cases the volume of the carrier delivered by the fire pump is much more important. Characteristics in this indicator range from 900 to 1,800 l / min. Here it should be noted and capacity, which determines the supply of water in different volumes. The initial level is represented by units of 4 000-5 000 W, and models with high performance usually have 9 000 W or more. But it is important to understand that the great power potential does not at all mean the versatility of the equipment. Of course, the benefits of such models when working as an irrigation installation in the fields are obvious and a low-power analog in this case will be useless. But to solve watering problems on a small area, for example, it is quite possible to manage a device with an initial level of performance.

Structural characteristics

As noted above, the base in the form of a motor and a pump can have a different type of frame. In the simplest version, it is a reliable frame metal structure, which protects nodes and aggregates from strong vibration vibrations. A greater degree of protection is provided by a closed enclosure, but in this case access to the same mechanisms becomes more difficult if repairs are necessary. Also, the fire pump is provided by the fuel tank. This tank should be considered not only as a mandatory addition to the power unit, since its capacity determines the ability of a particular model to work without interruptions for refueling. A fairly long working interval is provided by motor pumps with a tank of up to 6 liters. The characteristics of the outlet, that is, the bell, through which water passes through the pump, also have significance. Usually this parameter is 10 cm, which is enough to ensure average performance with a good head.

Filters supply

Most modern motor pumps have special grid filters in the structure, which are mounted on the suction hose. It is important to note that the dimensions of the cells in such barriers determine the fraction of particles that can pass into the pump. And in this context, it is worth considering the construction of fire engine pumps in terms of pumping design. It can be diaphragmatic (with the presence of membranes) or centrifugal with an open wheel. In the first embodiment, the equipment can be used for working with fecal wells, transferring creamy media, waste of livestock farms, etc. If a diaphragm of the NBR type is used, then the application of equipment in the maintenance of dark petroleum products is allowed. Actually, the main requirement for working environments is the absence of aggressive chemical influences that can lead the pump part of the motor pump to deformation or destruction.

Classification by type of serviced fluid

The possibilities of running a motor pump with different types of media should be considered separately, since this is one of the key parameters of choice. In the standard version, this unit is able to maintain clean and slightly polluted water. Most devices are designed for household use - in this case the optimal size of the transmitted particles does not exceed 5 mm. Such models perform well the functions of supplying clean water, but are not suitable for working as an irrigation system in large areas. The second variety is a technique capable of reliably pumping contaminated water. Thus the liquid can contain sand and small pebbles. This can be a large motor pump fire, whose weight is more than 100 kg. A centrifugal pump in this type of construction allows objects measuring up to 2.5 cm. The hardiest aggregates work even with corrosive liquids, including alkali, salt water, and highly viscous media. It is clear that for such needs special pumps are provided, made of strong, wear-resistant materials.

Classification by engine

The most widespread diesel and gasoline devices, which are used in solving the most critical tasks. It is noteworthy that the purpose and types of fire-fighting motor pumps in terms of equipping with power units are closely interrelated. For example, high performance is provided by the diesel engine - accordingly, such devices are used in servicing agricultural land and technical support of fire stations. Petrol motor pumps are more often used in domestic needs. As a standard, this is a small installation that is characterized by average power and performance. But in terms of maintenance, this option is simpler than diesel analogues. Motor pumps on electric traction are used only where it is impossible to use aggregates with exhaust gases - as a rule, in enclosed spaces.

Placement of motor pump

Much of the approach to installing this equipment depends on the nature of the operation. If you plan to use the model as a stationary object on a permanent place, then initially a site with access to the source of water is planned. Requirements for the installation surface are relevant in all cases - it must have a free access, be flat and cleaned from outside objects. It is also recommended that the installation site be elevated in relation to the level of the water source by no more than 3 m. Depending on the version, the motor pump may require the initial pouring of water into the pump part. In addition, provision should be made for the placement of hoses. They should be accessible to the user and protected from external influences.

Rules of operation

The work should begin only after checking all the connections of the motor pump - both on the outlet hose and on the inlet "sleeve". It is also necessary to check the status of the filters. If they are excessively clogged, it is desirable to clean them, otherwise there is a risk of deforming the membrane. Proper use of fire-engine pomp-as per the instructions provides for careful monitoring of the engine during the water supply. After performing pumping, it is necessary to clean the open cavities of the pump part from dirt and check the integrity of the "hoses".

Conclusion

The unit in the initial category allows you to efficiently cope with various farm tasks that require treatment with water. More solid representatives of the segment are used in professional needs for fighting fires and performing irrigation activities. To prevent the fire pump from being frustrated by its capabilities in operation, it is necessary to initially determine the range of functions that it will perform. The main list of characteristics in the form of capacity, power and the size of the hoses makes it possible to form an idea of the working potential of the unit. But do not ignore the secondary selection criteria - such as the structure of the frame and the volume of the tank with fuel.