"Moskvich-2150", SUV from the past: technical specifications, photo

It is common knowledge that in the USSR there was a very modest assortment of cars. This is due not to the absence of ideas, but to the economic and political systems of the state. So, a lot of noteworthy projects were developed with advanced or unusual technical solutions or simply modern machines, but most of them were not allowed for serial production. Next, one of these cars is considered - "Moskvich-2150".

Features

This machine is a prototype, which was never brought to serial production. This is a compact off-road passenger car developed by MZMA based on the previous prototypes and serial models.

History

At the car factory under consideration several attempts were made to create an off-road vehicle. However, none of the projects was not successful. Below is the history of the development of such cars.

"Moskvich-410", 411

In 1957, based on compact models 402 and 407 MZMA, all-wheel drive cars "Moskvich-410" and 411 in sedan and wagon bodies were developed, respectively. From the original machines they received a load-bearing body structure, which was strengthened. Significantly changed the chassis and transmission. The bridges were replaced by more rigid ones, the front independent suspension - dependent, the telescopic shock absorbers - with levers, installed the transfer case. As a result, cars with a road gleam of 220 mm, capable of overcoming fords with a depth of up to 0.3 m, were produced. These machines were created within the framework of a program of comfortable off-road vehicle analogues, represented by all-wheel drive cars, which was then developed.

"Moskvich-410" and 411 competed with the GAZ-M72, developed according to the same scheme. As a result of the tests, significant shortcomings were revealed. So, the body was not rigid enough, and the transfer case - unreliable. In addition, the car was very uncomfortable because of the rigid suspension and noisy transmission. Finally, they noted instability and complex management. This was explained by the mutual inconsistency of the used aggregates. Modernization was considered unprofitable, and on the basis of this, the designers of MZMA concluded that it was impossible to create an all-wheel drive car on a standard chassis, although GAZ continued the development of this scheme.

"Moskvich-415", 416

Therefore, it was decided at MZMA to develop an individual chassis for an off-road vehicle. And in the same year they created "Moskvich-415". From previous prototypes, it differed, first of all, by the presence of a spar frame, which provided a smaller mass and greater strength and durability. The checkpoint was combined with the transfer case. The suspension was used from project 410. When designing the design, they were guided by Willys. On the general concept of the machine is also very similar: both are compact frame off-road vehicles with the most simplified design. At the same time, in the Soviet version, the details of the serial MZMA vehicles were used as much as possible.

In 1960, introduced the "Moskvich-416", featuring a six-seat layout (415 model was a four-seater) and a closed body. A little later the original engine was replaced with M-408. However, despite the very successful design, these cars have not found wide distribution. This was due to three reasons. Firstly, the machines were not evaluated by the branch ministry. Secondly, the plant's capacities were fully loaded. Third, the models 410 and 411 that served as the basis for the cars under consideration were removed from production by that time, so the use of their parts lost profitability.

"Moskvich-2148", 2150

However, "Moskvich-415" and 416 used to develop the car "Moskvich-2150" and 2148, presented in 1973. The cars were created within the state project of a comfortable compact SUV for the villagers, where they competed Izh-14 and VAZ-2121. New prototype cars "Moskvich" (AZLK) unified with the model 2140, which at that time was preparing for production. In total, two cars were created: one with a rigid roof (2150), the other with a canvas (2148). From prototypes 415 and 416 "Moskvich-2150" and 2148 received a frame frame, continuous bridges and rigid springs, etc. Thanks to this, only AZLK presented an off-road car of classic design among competitors. The engine was taken from "Moskvich-412", but modified, reducing the compression ratio.

The car "Moskvich-2150" was tested. Test drive within their framework showed high cross-country ability. However, defects in the design were also revealed.

In any case, the VAZ car went into mass production with a more comfortable, universal and innovative design. There is an opinion that the AZLK project was rejected for political reasons. Nevertheless, thanks to the classic layout, which had this prototype car "Moskvich", its characteristic attracted the attention of the army. However, AZLK did not have the resources to establish the 2150 and 2148, so the Ministry of Defense planned to modernize the branch in Kineshma for the annual production of 60,000 such machines. However, the project did not take place, as it was not funded.

The following year, after the premiere of 2150 and 2148, the development of an off-road vehicle with independent suspension and other technical innovations began. However, the process was interrupted in 1975 in connection with the death of one of the designers who specialized specifically on off-road vehicles. On this work on this topic ("Moskvich") AZLK turned.

Until the second half of the 80's. Inside the enterprise there were proposals for the revival of the project 2150 (2148), but at that time all the resources of the plant, as before, were occupied.

As a result, there were 2 copies of the car "Moskvich-2150". SUV from the past was preserved in both versions. They are in the museum of retro cars. As for the previous prototypes, one surviving "Moskvich-415S" and one body of 415 prototype cars "Moskvich" are known. Picture 2150 are presented very widely, while for other versions there were basically archived pictures.

Body

The car was presented in a three-door body in variants with a hard and soft top (wagon and phaeton respectively). The second machine was equipped with an arc safety. In comparison with the previous prototypes, the design was updated. Both cars had traumatic door handles and footsteps under each door. In this case, the door hinges were external. 2150 equipped with sliding windows (on 2148 the only was a windshield). Optics, with the exception of the headlights from the model 412 and the factory illumination of the rear license plate, were borrowed from GAZ-66. Wipers moved to the bottom of the glass, in contrast to the previous prototype cars "Moskvich". The photos show the differences between the versions. On the cars in question, two fuel tanks of 60 liters were installed on both sides of the body. Very unusually placed a spare tire: on the back of starboard. This was done to simplify the use of the tailgate, as it provided access not only to the luggage compartment, but also to the cabin integrated with it, and also to avoid sagging it under the load from the wheel.

The creators provided for the operation of the car in difficult rural conditions, where qualified maintenance is unavailable, therefore, its designs tried to provide the maximum simplicity and unpretentiousness. Therefore, only 6 lubrication points were made.

The overall dimensions are 3,615 m in length, 1,626 m in width and 1,85 m in height. The wheelbase is 2.27 m, the track of both axles is 1.27 m. The last two parameters were increased in comparison with the original chassis. The curb weight is 1.05 tons.

As the main advantage over competitors, the creators noted a more solid and durable frame structure of the car "Moskvich-2150". Autolagen of the USSR among SUVs, such as GAZ-69, UAZ-469, like the world analogs of those times, had a similar scheme. VAZ-2121 from this point of view has become an advanced car.

In addition, designers focused on cost-effectiveness in relation to materials: 1/3 of the UAZ-469 metal was required to produce the machine.

Engine

Unlike the 415 and 416 models, the M-412 engine was installed on the Moskvich-2150. It was slightly modified, lowering the compression ratio to 7.25 to ensure the possibility of using 76 gasoline in the countryside. This 4-cylinder carburetor power unit of 1.5 liters with 2 valves per cylinder develops 75 liters. from. Power at 5800 rpm and 111.8 Nm of torque at 3800 rpm.

The exhaust system was held along the starboard side. The antifreeze cooling system is airtight. The engine is equipped with a pre-heater.

Transmission

The car is equipped with a 4-speed manual transmission.

As with previous projects, the layout remained a classic all-wheel drive: "Moskvich-2150" got a plug-in front axle. For this purpose, a 2-speed transfer box is installed in the same housing with the gearbox. To use additional equipment (winch, pumps, etc.), it is possible to take power from it. Bridges - continuous with fully unloaded semiaxes. The rear differential of increased friction is forcibly locked.

The competitors had another four-wheel drive scheme.

Chassis

The design of the running gear was almost unchanged from the prototypes 415 and 416. Only increased the track and wheelbase to increase stability. Both pendants are on two longitudinal semi-elliptical leaf springs. Stabilizers of lateral stability.

The ground clearance is 220 mm.

The steering mechanism has a hybrid worm construction with a roller with a double crest.

Brakes - drum on all wheels.

15-inch wheels have pressed discs and off-road tires. They are mounted on ball bearings, so they rotate at different angular speeds.

Such a serious classic off-road construction of the undercarriage is due to the fact that the car was created for operation in difficult conditions. This was the main difference from competitors who had an independent front suspension.

Interior

The car accommodated 6 people. And access to the rear seats was carried out through the rear single-leaf door and a folding board with a step. The front seats have only one longitudinal adjustment. The rear are represented by two-seat benches along the sides. That is, the layout was borrowed from Moskvich-416, and it was used for the open version of 2148. The front panel had elements of passive safety. In addition, the steering column was trauma-safe. To the right of the passenger seat is a handle.

The rear seats have double folding cushions to expand the cargo space.

Driving performance

The maximum speed of "Moskvich-2150" and 2148 is 105 km / h (120 km / h according to other data). The tests showed that they are confidently moving through various coatings (sand, clay, plowing) and are able to overcome the ford in depths of up to 0.6 m. Fuel reserves of 120 liters were sufficient for more than 500 km. Machines were able to tow a trailer weighing up to 0.35 tons.