Morphological norms

In the course of historical development, the changes are not only lexical, orthoepic, but also morphological norms of the Russian language. Many of them even now have several options, and this causes difficulties in using the word forms in practice. Each part of speech has its own morphological norms. Within the framework of this article, only some difficult cases are considered, without taking into account those that have long been established and entrenched mainly in the book of speech.

The morphological norms that apply to nouns are as follows.

1. The kind of words that were formed by composing the first letters is determined by the main word. For example, if in the CIS abbreviation the main word is "commonwealth" of the middle kind, then it will also be used in the middle genus: the CIS arose.

2. Nouns nondeclaring, which denote traditionally male position, profession, are used in the masculine gender. The genus of geographical names that do not bow is determined by the generic word. For example, Ontario is of the middle genus, since the generic word is "lake".

3. Nouns denoting a homogeneous mass of something, substance, are used only in one number: either in the single (milk, cement, clay, iron), or in the plural (sawdust, canned goods). However, if they enter the text with a special meaning, then the form of the number can acquire the opposite.

4. Nouns in the second declension of the instrumental singularity of the singular can have variants of endings: oh, her or ou, her. The latter form is typical for poetic works.

Adjectives have the following morphological norms of the modern Russian language.

1. A short form corresponds more to a written speech than-enen, than to-en (immoral and immoral), although both are literary.

2. Qualitative adjectives have two forms of comparative degree: on-it and on-it, the latter is characteristic for colloquial speech. For example, more active and active.

3. Only for colloquial speech are possessive adjectives on -in and-i: fathers, mother. In other styles it is customary to use the genitive case: the mother's headscarf, the father's request. Exceptions are nouns that are part of a sustainable turnover. For example, Solomon's decision, Archimedean lever.

Morphological norms for numerals are as follows.

1. The basis for ending in the numeral "both" (middle and masculine) - "both", and on e - in the numerals "both" (feminine gender).

2. Those quantitative numerals, which are formed from many words, are inclined to each word. Combined with the word one, the word "thousand" has in its instrumental form a "thousand's" form, and not an erroneous "one thousand". In oral speech , only the beginning and the end of the compound numerals can be inclined.

Morphological norms for pronouns.

1. You can not use as interchangeable words "everyone", "everyone" and "any". They are only close in meaning, not equivalent.

2. Personal pronouns 3 persons acquire the letter "n" in the beginning if there is an excuse before them. For example, in them, on it.

3. The pronouns "such" and "such" have shades of meaning. The latter is used in the role of amplification. But the pronoun "such" is the predicate in the sentence and is more often used in stable turns: and was such.

4. Pronouns "Your" and "You" are written with a capital letter, if they are used as a polite reference to one person.

Adverbs can be formed a complex form of superlative degree with the help of the suffix -e: the humble ask. However, this option is hardly used in modern speech. Verbs have two forms: with the suffix -u and without it. Both are used, but the latter in our time is preferable: got used and used.