Military districts of Russia. Composition of military districts of Russia

The creation of an administrative-territorial system in the national armed forces began in the 60s of the XIX century. The newly emerged military districts of Russia contributed to the rational acquisition and supply of garrisons, units and subunits, and also provided the possibility of strategic planning of the defense doctrine. Depending on the assigned tactical tasks, they could be borderline, internal and front-line. Administrative units were most often named according to the names of cities, regions or geographical provinces. In modern history, this tradition has continued and the military districts of Russia. The list of formations in different epochs corresponded to the military-political situation and the territory of the state. By the beginning of the First World War there were twelve of them. The maximum number of districts - thirty-two - was at the end of 1945. In the period of the highest military power of the state, in 1983, 16 districts and 4 groupings of troops in Eastern Europe functioned.

How many military districts in Russia

As part of the reorganization of the armed forces in 2010, the number of administrative districts was reduced to four. With the creation of new structures, uniform United States military commands have been taken as a model. On the basis of territorial combined-arms formations, new operational and strategic command subjects were formed. In 2014, the creation of a northern grouping began to organize the defense of Arctic sites from the three districts.

The efficiency of the innovative combat command and control system being introduced by the General Staff should ensure the military districts of Russia formed on a new basis. The list of military-administrative units is as follows:

• Western District (USC West).
• Southern District (USC "South").
• The central district (USC "Center").
• Eastern District (USC Vostok).
• At the stage of creation is OSK "North".

In peacetime conditions, the combined strategic commands with their zones of responsibility are called districts.

Military formations of the new formation

The newly formed military districts of Russia include:

• All the garrisons of the Ministry of Defense deployed on their territory;
• Subordinated to the subdivision of the internal troops, the FSB border guard service, the part of the Ministry of Emergencies and other law enforcement agencies.

Military districts of Russia in the modern form represent inter-species groupings of troops under a single command. Such a management system is recognized as the most effective, based on the experience of armed conflicts and counter-terrorism operations of recent decades.

In addition, Russian military districts have medical and sanatorium-resort establishments, educational and research institutions, training centers for specialists and other life support facilities.

Territorial command does not subordinate to long-range aviation, the management of strategic missile forces and air defense forces.

Joint Strategic Command "West"

During the structural changes in the armed forces in 2010, the first was the formation of the Western Military District of Russia. The basis for the creation of a new subject of military-administrative division became the former Moscow and Leningrad combined arms associations. The Baltic Fleet is also subordinate to the strategic command. The headquarters is in St. Petersburg.

Military garrisons are located in the administrative borders of thirty subjects of the North-Western, Central and parts of the Volga-Vyatka federal districts. In connection with the formation of the Arctic troop grouping, some regions will be reassigned.

The Western grouping includes two armies, four separate motorized rifle brigades, one tank and three landing divisions - more than two and a half thousand military units. Personnel exceeds 400 thousand people, which is the third part of the total number of the Russian army.

The first command is subordinated to the first command of air forces and air defense.

The ships of the fleet are deployed in the Baltic and Leningrad (Kronstadt, St. Petersburg and Lomonosov) naval bases. The Navy has eight Marine Corps units at its disposal.

Southern grouping of troops

The Southern Military District of Russia is organized on the basis of combat and administrative-economic units of the North Caucasus and part of the Volga-Ural military associations. The formation structure includes the Black Sea Fleet and the Caspian Flotilla. The headquarters is in Rostov-on-Don. The task of the district's personnel consists, first of all, in defending the southern borders and ensuring stability in the Transcaucasus.

The military units of the two armies, one mountain division and the assault brigade are deployed in 13 regions of the Southern and North Caucasian federal districts, as well as on the Crimean peninsula.

The air defense and air force assets are subordinated to the fourth command.

The Black Sea Fleet has the main basing in Sevastopol and Feodosia. The construction of a naval base in Novorossiysk is nearing completion. The ships of the Caspian flotilla are based in Astrakhan, Kaspiisk and Makhachkala.

In Crimea and the Krasnodar Territory there are two training centers for pilots of deck aviation. The Navy has four large marines in the Black Sea and the Caspian.

Formation of the Southern District Abroad

Also under the jurisdiction of the Southern Strategic Command there are bases located outside the Russian Federation:

• In the capital of the South Ossetian Republic - Tskhinval - the fourth base is quartered. The formation was created on the basis of two motorized rifle regiments and one division. The personnel of more than 4 thousand people. The military base was awarded the title of Guards.
• The 102nd base is located in Gyumri (Republic of Armenia). In addition to motorized rifle divisions, the C-300 B and MIG-29 fighters are deployed here. The total number of servicemen is about 4 thousand people.
• The 7th military base is quartered in Gudauta (the Republic of Abkhazia).
• The Black Sea Fleet has a base of technical and material support for ships and vessels in the Syrian port of Tartus.

Formations abroad play the role of important geopolitical tools.

Central Joint Command

By the merger of the Volga-Ural and Siberian (to the territory of Lake Baikal) districts, the Central Military District of Russia was established. The headquarters of the joint command is in Yekaterinburg.

This district is the largest in the country. Its area is 7 million km ² - it is 40% of the state and 39% of the population. Military units are deployed in the Volga, Western Siberia and the Urals - in 29 regions of the three federal districts. Space beyond the Arctic Circle will be transferred to the Arctic Command. In the center of the country, operational and tactical units of the ground forces are part of two combined arms armies and several separate formations, including one landing assault brigade.

The compound includes the second command of the Air Force and Air Defense Force

On the territory of the district there are bases of strategic aviation (in Engels and Irkutsk), as well as the base of transport aircraft in Orenburg. Operatively, these units do not obey the command of the district.

Formation of the Central District in Central Asia

The connection of the central part of Russia has in its composition the 201st twice red-banner base stationed in Tajikistan. The main task of the military is to protect the Tajik-Afghan border.

United Strategic Command "East"

As a result of structural changes in operational-strategic management , part of the Siberian, Trans-Baikal and Far-Eastern combined arms associations were included in the Eastern Military District of Russia. The commander of the new formation is the Pacific Fleet. The headquarters is in Khabarovsk.

Military units are located in the administrative boundaries of eleven subjects of the two federal districts. The area of the zone of responsibility is a little less than 7 million km ² . The main striking power of the ground forces is 4 armies and separate formations: 9 motorized rifle brigades, fortification in the Jewish Autonomous Region, 2 landing assault, 3 missile, one missile artillery and 3 brigades of special purpose. It is possible that some large formations will be transferred to the Northern Group of Forces.

The air defense and air force facilities are subordinate to the 3rd command.

The ships of the Pacific Fleet are based in Vladivostok, Fokino and Vilyuchinsk. The fleet aviation is stationed at the Elizovo dual-purpose airport and at the Nikolaevka, Knevichi and Kamenniy Ruchey airbases.

Four units of the air and space defense troops operationally do not obey the command.

Formation of the Eastern District in the Pacific

Preparatory work is under way to restore the former Soviet base of Cam Ranh in Vietnam for servicing submarines of the Russian Pacific Fleet. The use of the base is planned jointly with the Vietnamese military.

The defense of the Arctic

At the end of 2014, a new administrative unit was included in the military districts of Russia. For the first time in the history of the state, the Arctic territories received their own military structure. Its basis is the Northern Fleet, which will become the main strike force, as well as several units of the Western District.

The main bases of the fleet are: Severomorsk, Vidyaevo, Gadzhievo, Zapadnaya Litsa, Polar. All of them are located in the Murmansk region.

In former times the Polar region was part of the control of four districts and two fleets. Formation under the conditional name "North" includes all the reconstructed and newly deployed bases in the Arctic, including: on Franz Josef Land, Novosibirsk Islands and Novaya Zemlya.

The intensification of the activities of the armed forces on the northern borders is caused by aggravated international disagreements on the issues of territorial influence in this region, the need to ensure the security of the increasing freight traffic through the Northern Sea Route, and the increase in the production capacities of domestic extractive enterprises on the shelf. The zone of responsibility of the new group includes not only the Russian Arctic, but also all the Arctic territories to the North Pole inclusive.