Meteorological phenomena: examples. Dangerous meteorological phenomena

Meteorological phenomena are a natural phenomenon, dangerous for human life and capable of causing significant damage to its economy. Today, such climatic anomalies happen every day in different parts of the Earth, so it's worth knowing about them in detail and getting acquainted with the basic rules of behavior during cataclysms.

Dangerous natural phenomena of category A1, group 1

This group includes climatic anomalies that can threaten human security and its property in the event of long duration or high intensity.

Examples of dangerous meteorological phenomena of category A1:

A1.1 - Extremely strong wind. His impulses can reach speeds above 25 m / s.

А1.2 - Hurricane. This is a separate type of wind anomaly. The speed of gusts can reach up to 50 m / s.

A1.3 - Flurry. A sharp increase in wind (short-term). Gusts can reach up to 30 m / s.

A1.4 - Tornado. This is the most destructive and dangerous for human life natural phenomenon. A strong wind is localized into a funnel that is directed from the clouds to the ground. The following meteorologically dangerous phenomena of this category are associated with precipitation:

A1.5 - A heavy downpour. Intense rain can not cease for a very long time. The amount of precipitated precipitation exceeds 30 mm in 1 hour.

A1.6 - Strong mixed rain. Precipitation falls in the form of rain and wet snow. A decrease in air temperature is noted. The amount of precipitation can reach 70 mm in 12 hours.

A1.7 - Extremely heavy snow. This is solid precipitation, the amount of which within 12 hours may exceed a mark of 30 mm.

The following meteorological phenomena are a separate line:

A1.8 - Continuous downpour. The duration of heavy rain is at least 12 hours (with minor interruptions). The amount of precipitation exceeds the threshold of 100 mm.

A1.9 - The Great City. Its diameter should be from 20 mm or more.

The second group of hazardous natural phenomena of category A1

This section includes such climatic anomalies as blizzard, fog, severe icing, abnormal heat, etc.

Meteorological hazardous natural phenomena of the second group of category A1:

A1.10 - A strong snowstorm. The wind carries snow at a speed of 15 m / s and above. At the same time, the range of visibility is about 2 m.

A1.11 - Sandstorm. The wind carries dust and soil particles at a speed of 15 m / s and above. Range of visibility - no more than 3 m. A1.12 - The fog-haze. Serious turbidity of the air is observed due to a large accumulation of water particles, combustion products or dust. The range of visibility is less than 1 m.

А1.13 - Strong frost deposition. Its diameter (on the wires) is not less than 40 mm.

The following meteorological phenomena of category A1 are associated with temperature changes:

А1.14 - Extreme frost. Values vary from geographic location and time of year.

A1.15 - Abnormal cold. In winter, during 1 week, the air temperature is kept below the meteorological norm by 7 degrees or more.

A1.16 - Extremely hot weather. The indicators for the maximum temperature depend on the geographical location.

A1.17 - Abnormal heat. In the warm season for 5 days or more the temperature is kept above the norm by at least 7 degrees.

A1.18 - Fire situation. Its indicator refers to the fifth class of danger.

Dangerous phenomena of nature category A2

This group includes agrometeorological anomalies. Any phenomenon of this category is capable of causing huge damage to agriculture.

Meteorological natural phenomena related to type A2:

A2.1 - Frosts. The temperature of the air and soil sharply decreases during harvesting or active vegetation of crops.

A2.2 - Overmoistening of the soil. The soil at a depth of 100 mm is visually viscous or sticky (for 2 weeks).

A2.3 - It's dry. It is characterized by humidity of air less than 30%, temperature above 25 degrees and wind from 7 m / s.

A2.4 - Atmospheric drought. Absence of precipitation at an air temperature of 25 degrees for 1 month. A2.5 - Soil drought. In the upper soil layer (20 cm), the moisture coefficient is less than 10 mm.

A2.6 - Anomalously early appearance of snow cover.

A2.7 - Freezing of the soil (top layer up to 20 mm). Duration - from 3 days.

A2.8 - Severe frost in the absence of snow cover.

A2.9 - Weak frost with a high snow cover (more than 300 mm). The temperature is at least -2 degrees.

A2.10 - Ice cover. Izmorozevaya crust thickness of 20 mm. The duration of the soil cover is at least 1 month.

Rules of conduct for hazardous meteorological phenomena

During climatic phenomena, it is important to keep calm and prudent, not to panic.

Wind meteorological natural phenomena (examples: storm, hurricane, tornado) are dangerous for human life only in the immediate vicinity of the source of anomaly. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to hide in specially equipped shelters underground. You can not approach the windows, since the risk of injuries to glass fragments is high. It is forbidden to be in the open air, on bridges, near power lines. During abnormal snowdrifts, you should limit movement along the carriageway and the countryside. It is also recommended to stock up on food and water. Do not stand near power lines and steep roofs.

When flooding, it is necessary to take a safe place on the hill and mark it for later detection by rescuers. It is not recommended to be in one-storeyed premises, as the water level can rise abruptly at any moment.

Record weather anomalies

Over the past 20 years, nature has presented many surprises to mankind. These are all kinds of dangerous meteorological phenomena (examples: a huge hail, a record high wind, etc.), which killed people and caused maximum damage to the economy.

In May 1999, the state of Oklahoma recorded the strongest gust of wind on the Fejit scale. The tornado belonged to category F6. The wind speed reached 512 km / h. Tornadoes demolished hundreds of houses and killed dozens of people.

In the summer of 1998, about 30 m of snow fell in the state of Washington on the famous mountain Mount Baker. Precipitation went on for several months.

The highest temperature indicators were recorded in Libya in September 1992 (58 degrees Celsius).

The biggest hail was in the summer of 2003 in Nebraska. The diameter of the largest specimen was 178 mm, and its fall rate was about 160 km / h.

The rarest meteorological phenomena

In 2013, the morning after Thanksgiving, visitors to the Grand Canyon witnessed a unique natural phenomenon called "inversion." The thick fog descended into the crevices, forming a whole waterfall of clouds. In the same 2013, Ohio residents saw in their yard a huge part of the territory, located around their city, right up to the Canadian border. This phenomenon is called superrefraction, when the light rays bend under the air pressure and reflect objects located far away over huge distances.

In 2010, people in Stavropol could observe colorful snow. The city was covered with brown and purple snowdrifts. Snow was not toxic. Scientists have found that the sediments have colored in the upper atmosphere, mixing with the particles of volcanic ash.