Lung biopsy: procedure designation, outcome and consequences

Prevention of diseases is important for maintaining health. The newest equipment of the 21st century allows to diagnose and prevent the development of complex diseases. Among such modern methods, lung biopsy shows itself well, which is aimed at examining lung tissue for the presence of pathologies. What is this method, how effective is it and how should you prepare for this study?

Lung biopsy: the purpose of the procedure and its meaning

Diseases of the lungs can be easily detected using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. However, any diagnosis must be confirmed, especially when it comes to serious diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis or cancer.

A lung biopsy is a method that can confirm or deny the diagnosis 100% 100%. Its essence lies in the study of the tissue of the patient's lungs. The test material can be of any size, and the features of its collection depend on the location of the focus of the pathology or disease. Actually, depending on these factors, lung biopsy can be carried out in several ways.

When to make a biopsy of the lungs

First of all, this study is aimed at confirming the diagnosis, and not on finding a pathology. The latter is done with the help of simple measures, among them - ultrasound and computed tomography. At what diseases is a lung biopsy performed?

These are such pathologies:

1. Pneumonia.

2. Tuberculosis.

3. Pulmonary fibrosis.

4. Lesion of interstitial tissue.

5. Accumulation of pus.

6. Cancerous tumors, etc.

These and many other diseases can serve as a reason for performing such a manipulation, as a lung biopsy. How is the research conducted and what are the characteristics of its conduct?

Types of Lung Biopsy

There are several ways to obtain material for research. The choice of one of them depends on the localization of the focus of inflammation, the place of appearance of foreign tissues, pus. What is a lung biopsy ?

1. Bronchoscopy.

This method is used to detect pathologies in the upper respiratory tract, trachea and bronchi. It is carried out with the help of a special device - a bronchoscopic tube, which is inserted into the cavity of the nose or mouth. It has on the end a small camera, which allows the surgeon to see the internal walls of the airways. The operation usually takes less than an hour.

2. Puncture biopsy.

This method is used to extract damaged organ tissues that are close to the chest. The tool is a long needle, which is held in a pre-made incision up to 4 mm long. A puncture is done simultaneously with an ultrasound or CT scan to track the position of the needle relative to the site of tissue sampling. The procedure takes the same 60 minutes.

3. Open lung biopsy.

If a relatively large piece of organ tissue is needed for the examination, an incision is made of the chest and the material of the required size is taken. The difference between this method is that it is possible to capture a large piece of lung tissue.

4. Thoracoscopy.

Lung biopsy can be performed with the help of modern medical equipment. Thoracoscopy is one such example when miniature instruments and cameras of a very small size are used. This makes it possible to perform the operation neatly and without large damages to the skin (only two small incisions are made). Also, rehabilitation after thoracoscopy is faster than with a serious surgical procedure.

Sensations after examination

Lung biopsy involves surgical or physical manipulation of human organs. Naturally, after surgery, unpleasant sensations can arise: sore throat, pershenia, severe hoarseness.

Anatomic interference involves damage to the integumentary tissues. An anesthetic is used for this operation, so the person does not feel pain for a while. If it is a puncture, then with the introduction of the needle and the contact of its tip with the lungs, a slight burning sensation is felt.

An open biopsy is performed under anesthesia. After the operation, the patient will feel drowsy and mild weakness. The rehabilitation after thoracoscopy is completely different: the procedure is almost painless, passes quickly, and most importantly, rehabilitation does not take much time.

Contraindications

Is lung biopsy safe? The consequences of this examination may be different, since it is associated with a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous respiratory tract. To avoid possible complications, the procedure is not performed if there are following deviations in the patient:

1. Heart failure is extreme.

2. Oxygen starvation.

3. Anemia.

4. Poor blood clotting.

5. Respiratory failure.

6. Increased pressure in the lungs.

7. Nodes in the respiratory tract.

Any of these factors can serve as a reason for refusing biopsy. However, it is worth remembering that rehabilitation depends on the degree of development of lung disease itself, and not only on the above-mentioned health defects.

Talking with a doctor before the examination

Many patients are interested in how to prepare for the operation in advance. There are several main points here:

1. Do not eat or drink for 6-12 hours before surgery.

2. At least 3 days need to stop taking anti-inflammatory pills.

3. The same goes for medicines that dilute blood.

The last item is a consequence of surgical intervention in the study of the patient. The problem is that an invasive examination is always accompanied by a hemorrhage. Its intensity depends primarily on the training of a doctor, but taking medications that dilute the blood can aggravate the situation.

Before the operation, you must once again undergo an ultrasound, CT or chest X-ray. It is also necessary to donate blood for analysis.

Immediately before the operation, the doctor should talk to you. He should know the following things: whether you are pregnant or not (if the patient is a woman), whether you are allergic to any medications, whether you are taking medications at the moment, whether there are any problems with blood coagulability.

What does the patient feel during and after a biopsy?

It is clear that the most reliable method for determining the pathology of the respiratory system is lung biopsy. How to do this analysis, too, is already clear, but patients who have such a procedure, there are quite legitimate questions. Does the person experience pain during the operation? What side effects of the study may occur during the rehabilitation period?

The operation itself is carried out under the influence of anesthesia, which completely excludes pain. Therefore, do not be afraid of biopsy, just listen to the doctor and fulfill his requirements.

In the process of rehabilitation, the norm is dry mouth, hoarse voice. The patient may also complain of shortness of breath or chest pain. Sometimes there are complications such as pneumothorax or hemoptysis. However, they are extremely rare.

Analysis of research results

A pulmonary biopsy is performed to establish an accurate and correct diagnosis related to the pathology of the respiratory system. After conducting this study, it takes 3 to 5 days for the results to be ready. There is still a kind of analysis, like an extended biopsy. In this case, the results will be ready not earlier than in 2 weeks.

Most often a biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis or after CT / ultrasound, which resulted in the detection of suspicious lesions in the lungs or in the airways.

By what signs can you judge that the state of the respiratory system is normal? First, by the absence of bacterial and viral cells, pus. Secondly, according to the normal structure of the cells of the organ tissue, which completely excludes the presence of benign or malignant tumors. All lung biopsy results are recorded and recorded in the patient database.