Any businessman wishes to sell his property with profit. But this does not always work. For example, if an enterprise decides to sell old equipment with a market price lower than the balance sheet, the financial result of the transaction will be negative. On how to display a write-off of a loss from the sale of OS, read on.

Document management

Implementation of the OS is formalized by the contract. According to the requirements of the Guidance on the BU, both parties must also sign an acceptance-transfer certificate. The information on the removal of the object from the account is entered in the inventory card. Based on these documents, the accountant displays the transaction in the OU. And if the transaction has passed at a loss, then you need to be especially careful, since the NK and the acts set different standards. Let us consider them in more detail.

Tax risks

Very often to increase the demand for products or the full realization of balances, management decides to sell goods at a price below cost. Many accountants are afraid of this situation, since it is prohibited by law. Is it really?

1. The price can not be lower than the cost price.

The cost of electricity, gas supply and communication services is regulated by the state. In other cases, the price is negotiable and there are no restrictions in the Civil Code. The antimonopoly company monitors the actions of "big players". Companies with a small share of the market should not be worried.

2. The loss from sale, if the price is lower than s / s, is not taken into account in taxation.

The base is calculated for all transactions. A separate order is provided only for operations with the Central Bank. There is also a prohibition on recognizing the difference in costs between the market and the price of sales of the product to the employee. In relation to others, there are no rules. If the enterprise does not work at a loss systematically, the sale of the OS with a loss will be blocked by income from other operations.

3. If the price is lower than the purchase price, then the state authorities will charge additional taxes

This situation is possible only if the transaction is controlled. Then you have to prove the tax that its price is comparable to the market price.

4. Expenses for the purchase of goods sold at a loss can not be taken into account when calculating the NPP.

If the costs were directed to income, then they are economically justified. And the end result does not matter.

5. If the goods were sold at a loss, then VAT can not be deducted on them.

This is not quite true. You can deduct VAT on unprofitable goods if the organization proves that this transaction has allowed to avoid even greater economic losses. But if the operation was carried out only on paper, then the tax will not accept such explanations.

Reflection of loss in NU

According to Art. 323 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, profits and losses from the sale of fixed assets should be determined for each object separately. The proceeds from the sale of property, net of VAT, are recorded in income. This amount can be reduced by the taxpayer to the residual value, taking into account the costs associated with its sale: storage, maintenance and transportation costs.

The financial result from the operation of the organization is calculated on the date of recognition of income. If the accrual method is used in the OU, the income from the sale of the OS is calculated at the moment of transfer of ownership. If the cash method is used, then as of the date of transfer of funds to the bank account.

The loss from the sale of a fixed asset is equal to other expenses. When taxing profits - is accounted for in accordance with the procedure established by clause 3 of Art. 268 of the Tax Code. It is included in the composition of costs in equal installments during the period, which is calculated as the difference between the period of useful and actual use before sale. Write it off from the next month after the implementation.

How to reflect the loss from OS sales in the reporting?

The financial result of the transaction is reflected in the declaration of income tax (NPP). Revenue is shown in line 060 of the first application of the second sheet of the declaration. Residual value along with expenses is displayed in line 150 of the second application, loss - in p. 200, reducing the total amount of expenses (page 270). Part of the negative financial result from the sale, which can be taken into account for current tax purposes, is shown in line 090. The amount of accrued compensation for wear on the sold OS is fixed in p. 280 of the second application.

Example

In August 2012, ZAO IKS sold the operating system for 59 thousand rubles. (Including 9 thousand rubles - VAT). This property was taken into account at an initial cost of 120 thousand rubles with a depreciation period of 8 years (96 months). The enterprise uses an accrual method to determine the financial results of the transaction and a linear one - for depreciation. The amount of monthly compensation for depreciation is 1.25 thousand rubles. Actual period of use - 38 months, accumulated depreciation - 47.5 thousand rubles. The cost of sales is 1.18 thousand rubles. VAT included.

Name		Code	Amount (thousand rubles)
	Proceeds from sale of property	060	50
Part of the loss that relates to current costs		090	0.405
	Residual value including expenses	150	73.5
	Loss from sale of OS	200	23.5

The loss in the amount of 23.5 thousand rubles, which is displayed in line 200, is then written off regularly (for 405 rubles) monthly within 58 months (96-38 months). The first part is indicated in the report for September 2012 in line 090. Documents confirming the loss from the sale of the OS should be stored while it reduces the tax base of the NPP.

Reflection of the financial result in the accounting institution

According to paragraph 7 of the PBU, funds from the sale of fixed assets are recognized in the BU as operating income. The costs associated with the implementation of these facilities are recognized as expenses. These amounts are taken into account in the accounting department in full in the current month. Thus, the first difference from NU is that losses are written off immediately, rather than in parts. Therefore, a deductible temporary difference arises, due to which a deferred tax asset is formed. In the future, he will reduce the amount of NPP, which is subject to payment to the budget.

Example

Let's supplement the data of the first example. In August 2012, the company's accountant should display a loss on sales. Wiring:

ДТ 91-2 КР 60 - 1 thousand rubles. - payment for services of another organization;
ДТ 19 КР 60 - 180 rub. - reflection of VAT;
ДТ 62 KR 91-1 - 59 thousand rubles. - operating income from the sale;
ДТ 91-2 KR 68 - 9 thousand rubles - VAT is added;
ДТ 01-2 КР 01-1 - 120 thousand rub - the initial cost is written off;
DT 02 KR 01-2 - 47.5 thousand rubles. - Depreciation charged for the period of use;
ДТ 91-2 КР 01-2 - 72.5 thousand rubles - the residual value is taken into account in expenses;
ДТ 09 KR 68 - 6,64 thousand rubles (23,5 thousand rubles x 24%) - a tax asset.

Within the next 56 months. In the BU will be written off a loss on sales. Wiring:

DT 68 KR 09 - 97.24 rubles. (5640 rubles / 58 months).

Selling products at a loss

The implementation of the GP takes place under the terms of the contract. The products are considered sold when the buyer has the right of ownership. This order is set in paragraph 1 of Art. 223 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, it arises at the time the product is transferred to the buyer. After shipment, the organization must calculate the financial result of the transaction. For these purposes, a special profit and loss account "90" is provided in the BU. In it, the amount of sales costs is reflected in the DT, and the revenue from sales is recorded for the loan. The current financial results for the current period are calculated on the following subaccounts:

Turnover КР 90-1 - Turnover ДТ.90-2,3,4 = Profit / loss on sales.

Posting, which is issued a positive financial result:

ДТ 90-9 КР 99 - Profit.

ДТ 99 КР 90-9 - a loss from sales (the wiring is opposite to the previous one).

Sub-accounts are closed at the end of the year with internal records during the reformation of the balance sheet.

In the bank, revenue is recognized as income if:

- the right to receive money is confirmed by an agreement;

- the amount of income can be calculated;

- as a result of the operation, the agronomic benefits of the organization will grow;

- the buyer has the right of ownership.

If at least one of these conditions is not met, then revenue can not be recognized, such goods must be accounted for by DTs.

Accounting for GP implementation

No.	Operation	DT	KR	Amount
Revenues in the BU are recognized
1	Implementation of GP	62	90-1	Revenues
2	The actual cost price is written off	90-2	43	Cost price
3	VAT charged	90-3	68-2	VAT
4	Accounted for expenses	90-2	44	Costs of implementation
5	Financial results: - profit - loss	90-9 99	99 90-9	Income - expenses
6th	Payment from the buyer	51	62	Contract value
Terms of revenue recognition are not met
1	Implementation of GP	45	43	Cost price
2	Payment from the buyer	51	62	Contract value
3	Revenues	62	90-1	Revenues
4	The cost of production is written off	90-2	45
5	VAT charged	90-3	68	Tax amount
6th	Expenses written off	90-2	44	Sales Costs
7th	Financial results: - profit - loss	90-9 99	99 90-9	Income - expenses

Posting "profit / loss from sales" is formed after accounting for all costs associated with the implementation of the GP.

Reporting

For a more detailed consideration of the financial results of the company's activities, in addition to the balance sheet, a profit and loss statement is also provided. It describes in detail all the receipts and expenditures of the current period.

Line 010 shows the proceeds from the sale of goods. The amounts from ordinary activities are displayed here. If for any of them the revenue exceeds 5% of the total, then it is detailed in 011-013. The Profit and Loss Statement is based on the accrual basis. That is, revenue is recognized as such at the time the goods are shipped to the buyer. But often in contracts it is registered that the right of possession passes after payment of the goods. In such cases, revenue is included in the report as of the date of transfer of money.

Next, you need to write down the cost of the products: the total figure in line 020 and detail for each activity - in 021-023. Next comes the gross profit - page 030.

The profit and loss account displays not only the sources of income, but also costs associated with the sale of goods and services. In particular, lines 030 and 040 show the amount of sales and management costs for sales. The interest on deposits and bonds (060), and those that are payable to the bank (070), the share in the participation of other OA (080), other operating (090, 100) and non-operating (110, 120) incomes and expenses .

Other incomes include:

• Proceeds from the sale of temporary property by third parties;
• Profits from joint activities of several organizations;
• Interest for deposits and loans;
• Income from patents;
• Proceeds from the sale of assets;
• The penalties, forfeits and penalties received for the current period;
• Other unaccounted receipts.

Other costs (100) include costs for:

• Creation of assets;

• Introduction of patents;
• Write-off of company funds;
• Interest on loans
• Incurred penalties, forfeits and penalties;
• Brokerage services;
• Loss of a package of securities in assets;
• charity;
• The content of frozen assets;
• Cancellation of transactions;
• Expenses from extraordinary circumstances;
• Other unaccounted expenses.

The difference between all receipts and expenses is displayed in line 140 "Profit / loss before tax". After subtracting NPP (150) and other mandatory payments (150), the result of the normal activity is calculated (160). If there were no extraordinary receipts or expenses in the current period, then the same amount is shown in the article "PE \ CHU" (190). This is how the "Profit and Loss Statement" is compiled.

Reference data

This section is completed if the firm has tax assets (HA) or liabilities (BUT).

In line 150 companies should indicate the amount of permanently available NO, for example, travel payment, compensation for the operation of personal transport, etc. That is, this line indicates the income that is taken into account in the accounting department, but the NPP is not taxed.

The financial result per share is the balance between the state of emergency of the enterprise and dividends. To calculate the weighted average number of shares that were in circulation, you need to add their number at the beginning of each month, and then divide by 12.

If these securities are placed at a price below the market, then it is necessary to make this calculation:

Average share price = (А1 + А2) / КА

A1 - the price of the stock at the end of the placement multiplied by their number;

A2 - proceeds from the sale of securities at a lower cost;

KA - the number of shares in circulation.

Diluted financial result

The given operation will allow to reveal, how much it is possible to increase profit from one Central Bank, if:

- Change preferred shares to simple ones;

- try to buy back shares at a price below market.

To correctly calculate the future profit, you need to determine the income and expenses associated with a change in status or a decrease in value. The difference between the market price and the actual price of the share and the interest income are included in such receipts. To expenses - compensation to shareholders, payment for reorganization.

Summary

Selling goods at a price below the cost can be, but it should be very neat. As a result of such an operation, there will necessarily be a difference in financial results in OUs and BUs. In the first case, the amount of loss is written off in installments. And in the second - at once.