Dividends accrual and payment: entries

The activity of any enterprise is aimed at making a profit, which must then be properly distributed. As a rule, a significant part of it goes to further development of production, but we will talk about how dividends are paid and paid, posting, and also reliable accounting in the operations of dividend movement, timing and order of payments.

Dividends and shareholders

Dividend is usually called the share of the profit of the organization, which is paid to shareholders after the payment of all necessary payments. That is, in order to receive dividends, it is necessary to be a shareholder of the company, in other words, to own shares of the enterprise. Usually the shareholders become the founders of the company even at the stage of its formation, pursuing the goal of acquiring the income from the funds invested in the development of the organization. By legislation, a dividend is defined as the income received by a participant or a shareholder from the company with the proportional distribution of profits (according to the contributed shares in the authorized capital) remaining after taxation. Dividends include income from interest payments on preferred shares.

What payments can not be considered dividends?

Do not fall under the definition of "dividends":

• payments to the shareholder in the event of reorganization or liquidation of the company, which do not exceed the amount of its investments in the share capital ;

• payments made by the company's shares to the shareholders of the same organization.

• payments of non-profit organizations to employees for the implementation of its statutory activities.

Decision on payment of dividends: who accepts it?

The law establishes that the company may declare dividends on shares for the year, but it may not do so. This is the company's right, established by law. Such obligations are not provided, and the decision on payment of income on shares or direction of profit for other needs is taken at the general meeting of shareholders. If it decides to pay dividends, then the board of directors, after careful analysis, determines their size, which will be recommended to the general meeting. Shareholders are given the right to agree and approve the recommended amount of payments or reject it and refuse to declare dividends. The general meeting has no right to set another dividend size. In Russia, the amount of dividends is set in national currency (rubles) per share, minus personal income tax.

Payment terms

Having approved the size of the profit distributed for the issue of dividends, the general meeting announces a decision to pay dividends, thus informing the involved parties.

Usually such incomes are paid with money, but there are also property forms of payments, which must necessarily be stipulated in the company's charter.

Joint-stock companies and LLC have the right to distribute dividends not only by the end of the year, but also by the half-year, and also by the quarter. The law does not limit the periods of income payments.

It happens that the company's profits are not distributed for several years, accumulating on the account of undistributed profits (No. 84). Bans on payment of dividends of past periods are also not legally established, so such a decision of the board of directors and subsequent approval by its general meeting is quite feasible.

The charter of the organization or the shareholders' meeting determines the timeframe during which the company is obliged to accrue and pay dividends. If the period of payments is not established, then, according to the law, it does not exceed 60 days from the date of the announcement of dividends. In these terms, shareholders must receive their accrued income.

Charging

After the decision to pay dividends and approval of the lists of those to whom they are due, painstaking accounting work begins. Accrual of income amounts is carried out personally for each participant.

Usually the company's charter provides for the distribution of dividends among shareholders in accordance with the current legislation, which dictates the recognition of income accrued in proportion to the shares of participants. The total amount of profit, which by the decision of the meeting is determined for payment to shareholders, is multiplied by the percentage of contributions to the share capital of each participant. This determines the amount of the dividend due to an individual shareholder. Accompanying accrual of dividends, posting will be indicated below.

Taxation

Like any income, the dividend due to the shareholder is subject to taxation. The size of the tax rate depends on the taxpayer category. Since early 2015, tax rates have changed significantly. Earlier income from dividends for individuals and legal entities residing and residing in Russia was taxed at a rate of 9%. Now the tax rate has increased to 13%, and the declared dividends for the past periods will be taxed at this rate.

Dividends of legal entities that do not have the status of a tax resident of the Russian Federation are taxed at a rate of 15%, for private persons - 30%.

Russian companies act as tax agents and usually keep and transfer taxes to the budget independently, so shareholders receive dividends already less the amount of tax.

Terms of transfer of taxes

The law requires the retention and transfer of personal income tax not later than the date of receipt of money for payment from the cashier or transfer of funds to the accounts of participants, shareholders on behalf of or third parties. In the payment documents for the transfer of personal income tax, you must specify the budget classification code - 18210102010011000110.

Dividends accrual and payment: entries

All information on the accrual and movement of dividend payments is accumulated on the balance sheet accounts with the founders (No. 75), which corresponds to the accounts of sources, assets, settlements, taxes,

Determined, with the size of the total amount intended for payment, the accountant calculates dividends. Postings:

• Д / т 84 - К / т 75/2 - on the sum of the profit distributed to payment of dividends. Analytical accounting of accrued dividends is for each participant individually a list of names with due payments, the results of which correspond to the credit turnover of account No. 75/2 of the indicated posting. Shareholders and participants in the receipt of dividends can work in the company, and may not be listed in the state of the organization, therefore, it is necessary to calculate dividends in different ways. Calculation of income to employees of the company is made to account number 70 "Settlements with employees on wages". Posting on payment of dividends to the founder, participants and shareholders working in the company:

• Д / т 75/2 - К / т 70 - on the sum of incomes to shareholders-employees of the enterprise.

The next step is the taxation of accrued income. Tax on dividends to shareholders is posted, posting:

• Д / т 75/2 - К / т 68 / profit - the tax on incomes from dividends of shareholders - organizations is charged.

• Д / т 75/2 - К / т 68 / НДФЛ - for the sum of the tax from dividends of shareholders - private persons.

• Д / т 68- К / т 51 - the amount of withheld taxes is transferred from the settlement account .

To participants who are not in the company, payment of dividends (posting: d / t 75/2 - k / t 50, 51) is carried out in cash or transfer from the company's account to the shareholders' accounts.

Sometimes incomes are paid not by money, but by securities, for example, promissory notes of outside organizations held by the company. Transfer of a bill is the same payment of dividends. Postings that reflect this operation are as follows:

• Д / т 75/2 - К / т 91 - for the amount of the face value of the security.

• Д / т 91 - К / т 58/2 - for the amount of actual expenses accompanying the purchase of a bill, recorded on account 58/2.

• Д / т 91 (99) - К / т 99 (91) - the financial result from the disposal of the monetary document is defined.

Some companies allow property payment of dividends. In this case, the wiring is as follows:

• Д / т 75/2 - К / т 90 - on the sum of a vacation cost of the goods or the property equivalent to the size of due receipts.

• Д / т 90 - К / т 68 / VAT - VAT is added to the selling price of goods.

• Д / т 90 - К / т 41, 43, 20 and other accounts of manufacture - for the sum of the actual cost price of the bought goods, production.

• Д / т 90 - К / т 99 - the result from sale of the goods or services is deduced.

Transfer of property of the company (not goods) reflects other accounting entries. Dividend payment:

• Д / т 75/2 - К / т 91 - on the value of the property, including VAT, on the amount of receivables minus the withheld taxes.

• Д / т 91 - К / т 68 / VAT - for the sum of the VAT charged on the price of the property.

• Д / т 91 - К / т № 01, 08, 10 - for the amount of the residual value of the transferred property.

• Д / т 91 - К / т 99 - the size of profit from transfer of property is defined.

These are the transactions for the payment of dividends to the founder and other shareholders of the company.

The subtleties of determining the tax base of an enterprise on the simplified tax system after the payment of dividends

In connection with the payment of dividends, "simplified" often raises the question: "Is the payment of dividends (posting indicated) and transfer of personal income tax in the taxable base of the USN?" Enterprises on the "Income minus expenses" regime can reflect a limited list of expenses mentioned in the Tax Code. But the dividends accrued and paid to the participants are not indicated in it. Therefore, they can not reduce the tax base. And since the company, following the duties of the tax agent, transfers taxes not for itself, the amount of withheld personal income tax also does not affect the reduction of the tax base.

So, the article contains the basic concepts, such as dividends, accounting entries, reflecting transactions for their accounting.