Literary places in Russia. Great Russian writers and poets

Literary places in Russia - an object of pilgrimage of many admirers of talent of famous poets and writers. Where, how not here, you penetrate the spirit of their works, do you begin to understand your favorite figure in literature? Especially reverent are excursions to the literary places of Russia, where writers and poets spent their childhood and youth. After all, this is the cradle of the formation of their talent, world outlook and attitude, which are reflected in the subsequent work. Such, for example, are the birth estates of L. N. Tolstoy, I. S. Turgenev, N. A. Nekrasov.

The Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum

Tsarskoe Selo can be called a real forge of talents of the XIX century. It was from under the wing of this educational institution that AS Pushkin, VK Kukhelbeker, II Pushchin, ME Saltykov-Shchedrin and many other politicians and artists came out.

Founded in 1811 by order of Alexander I, the lyceum was to prepare the elite of the future Russian society. For six years of training, young people received an excellent education, equal to university education.

Of course, the most famous student, who knew the Tsarskoe Selo, was Pushkin. It is here that he begins to write poems, still imitating Zhukovsky, Batiushkov and French romantic poets. And at the same time, the originality of the future genius is already revealed here.

The period of study is connected with another significant event in the life of the poet. It was at this time that his first small work "To a friend of the poet" was published. Years of study graduates always remembered with warmth, sincerely worried about the fate of your favorite institution.

At the moment, the Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum is an operating institution where you can see the poet's room (he called it a cell), as well as the place of study and final examination, where Pushkin impressed the talents of eminent teachers.

A.S. Pushkin: Mikhailovskoye

I want to talk about two more places associated with the genius of Pushkin. The first is Mikhailovskoye. This is the family estate of the poet's mother, built by his grandfather Hannibal on the Pskov land.

Connoisseurs of Pushkin's creativity, and just readers who have visited here, note that the paintings of the nature of many works seem to be written off by the skillful hand of the artist from these places. For the first time the poet gets acquainted with the measured rural life right after the end of the Lyceum, in 1817. Pushkin immediately fascinated by the beauty of the surrounding world and the dimension that reigns here.

Later, in 1824, he will be sent here in exile, during which many masterpieces will leave the pen of genius. "Boris Godunov", "Arap of Peter the Great", almost the whole novel "Eugene Onegin" was written exactly in these years.

Even after the hateful exile, Pushkin again and again comes back for inspiration, for it is in Mikhailovskoye that he especially feels his poetic gift. The last visit to the estate is connected with the tragic event - the funeral of the mother, and a few months after that the poet himself perishes in a duel. His grave is also here, in Mikhailovskoye.

Boldino

Boldinsky autumn ... This period of Pushkin's life is marked by an unprecedented creative upsurge, which he felt while staying in the Boldino family estate. His forced trip on the eve of the wedding with Natalia Goncharova dragged on because of the raging cholera epidemic in St. Petersburg. Inspired by the future family life, the poet is at the peak of inspiration. Here he finishes "Eugene Onegin", writes most of the "Little Tragedies", "The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda", and "The Belkin's Tale".

These literary places of Russia must necessarily visit all those who worship the genius of the great Pushkin.

M. Yu. Lermontov: Pyatigorsk

There are places in Russia, inextricably linked with the life and work of another outstanding poet of the XIX century - M. Yu. Lermontov.

First of all, this is the Caucasian city-resort Pyatigorsk. This place played an important role in the life of the poet. The first acquaintance with Pyatigorsk occurred in Lermontov's childhood - it was here that his grandmother brought him to improve his health, because the future poet grew up to be a very painful child. The nature of the Caucasus impressed Lermontov very much. From his childhood he was gifted in the field of drawing. From under his brush came a lot of picturesque watercolors, captured mountain landscapes.

To this day in Pyatigorsk hot baths are working where the poet was treated. His observations of the so-called "water society" were reflected in the story "Princess Mary".

The further service of the young officer is connected with the Caucasus. Here Lermontov found his death. By chance, the tragedy occurred in Pyatigorsk. Deciding to end his service, he last went to the Caucasus, renting a small house with his uncle. Here they are delayed for treatment on the waters. July 27, 1841, the lethal duel of Lermontov with the longtime acquaintance of Martynov takes place. Here, at Mashuk's mountain, the poet was buried, but after 8 months his ashes were transported to the family crypt - M. Yu. Lermontov is still there. Russia lost another genius poet.

It should be said that the memory of the poet is sacred in Pyatigorsk. The place of his last stay, the house where the quarrel with Martynov took place, the place of the duel and the original burial of Lermontov - the places that the city's guests visit without fail.

Tarkhany

The Tarkhany Museum-Reserve is another place that is inextricably linked with M. Yu. Lermontov. His childhood passed through this manor. Here, the life of a noble family of the XIX century is recreated with documentary accuracy. In addition to the manor house, the house of the housekeeper and the man's hut are open to visitors. Also visitors can honor the memory of the poet in the family crypt, where he is buried, and in the chapel.

The Museum-Reserve leads a very active cultural life: contests and festivals dedicated to the poet are constantly held. Lermontov's holiday became traditional, which takes place here on the first weekend of July.

Museum of NA Nekrasov in Chudovo

Many poets and writers of Russia become more understandable if you discover their daily life, and even better, the conditions in which childhood passed. In this respect NA Nekrasov is also an exception. From the school course of literature we know that it is children's observations of the difficult life of serfs that largely determined the direction of the poet's work.

The house-museum of NA Nekrasov is the place where the poet rested soul from city life, hunted and received inspiration for new works. It is located in Chudovo and is included in a large complex of the same name reserve. It is here that the famous "Chudov cycle" is written, 11 brilliant poems. As a rule, Nekrasov hunted in these places. Here, even a seriously ill poet ends his great work - the poem "To Whom in Russia Live Well".

At the moment the house-museum is a hunting house, in which, in addition to the rooms of the poet and his wife, there are a dining room, an office, guest rooms. The last, by the way, was here a lot - many writers came here to hunt together with Nekrasov: Saltykov-Shchedrin and Pleshcheev, Mikhailovsky and Uspensky. Also, the attention of visitors is represented by the building of an agricultural school.

The house museum often holds exhibitions and programs for visitors of various ages.

Museum of FI Tyutchev in Ovstuga

The family house of Tiutchev belonged to the poet's family long before his birth: in the middle of the 18th century the poet's grandfather began to build an estate on lands that he received as a dowry after the wedding.

The father of the poet, having received the rights of inheritance, begins to expand the house. Soon here grows up a chic manor in the spirit of classicism with a lordly house, decorated with columns, with a wing. Located on the river bank, it has its own islet with a gazebo. This place becomes for Tyutchev a source of not only vitality, but also inspiration. The poet, glorifying nature in all its diversity, paints pictures from these places - they are so remembered by his soul.

Unfortunately, the estate was not given proper attention, and it came to desolation, but a gradual reconstruction is underway. If initially excursions to these literary places in Russia were limited only to the rural school, now they cover the guest wing, as well as the church. Also, visitors can see a re-created mill, an arbor on the island and chic lime avenues.

Peredelkino

Listing the literary places of Russia, we should mention those that are associated with the activities of writers of the XX century. This is primarily Peredelkino. It is this place that is the focus of the cottages of the entire literary elite of the twentieth century.

The idea of building a village where people will rest, live and create writers of Russia, belonged to M. Gorky. It was he who procured in 1934 this piece of land for these purposes. In a fairly short time, the first 50 houses were rebuilt. Among their tenants were A. Serafimovich, L. Kassil, B. Pasternak, I. Ilf, I. Babel.

Many villagers and many postwar writers are building cottages: V. Kataev, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko, B. Akhmadulina. Here for the local children he writes his beautiful fairy tales by K. Chukovsky.

On the territory of the village there is the House of Writers' Creativity, from the existing museums one can note the houses of B. Pasternak, K. Chukovsky, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Many writers and poets have found their last refuge here.