Linguistics. Vowel sounds, classification of vowel sounds

In every word of Russian there are vowel sounds. Classification of vowel sounds is studied not only in schools, but also in universities. The information provided in this article is extremely useful to students-philologists. Thanks to it, they can learn the basics of phonetics of the Russian language. There are also some interesting facts about vowel letters in the article.

Phonetics and linguistics. general information

Linguistics (linguistics) is a science that studies one or another language, as well as its functions, internal structure and patterns of its functioning. Linguistics is closely associated with many other spheres of life and plays an important role in everyone's life. Linguistics is intertwined with history, archeology, ethnography, literary criticism, psychology, physiology, anthropology, and philosophy.

The letters are studying phonetics. Classification of vowels, consonant sounds is presented precisely in this section of science. Phonetics, as part of linguistics, also studies syllables, sound combinations and the patterns of their connection. This science was formed in the 17th century. Its creation was associated with the need for training of deaf-mutes. In the 18th century the beginning of the acoustic vowel theory was laid.

Vowel sounds

Classification of vowels sounds of the Russian language is extremely important for linguists. It begins to be studied at school, but more detailed training is provided only to students-philologists. Vowels are one of the varieties of sounds, with the articulation of which air does not face significant obstacles. That is why there is not a significant pressure on the larynx.

Acoustically, articulation of vowel sounds is represented as periodic oscillations. Classification of vowels and sounds distinguishes various features, which are described in our article. Differences in articulation are achieved due to changes in the shape of the resonator. In Russian there are 10 vowels.

Vowels are also called musical sounds due to acoustic articulation. Below them also mean letters that have the same sound. In this case, the term "vowel sounds" is used.

Signs of vowels

Vowel sounds and their classification have several generally accepted characteristics. Every linguist knows them. In this article some of them are described:

1. The first sign is the ascent. It is associated with the vertical arrangement of the body of the tongue. There are four types of lifting: the upper; Medium-high; Medium-low; lower. Not all languages have all kinds of ups. For example, in Russian there is only one of the middle rises.
2. Another sign is the series. It is determined by the horizontal location of the tongue during articulation. There are three rows: front; average; rear.
3. Vowel labialization is associated with the location of the lips. For example, blunt sounds are articulated by drawing the lips forward.
4. The phonation is associated with vibration of the vocal cords.

Acoustic classification of vowels

All vowel sounds are formed by the tone of voice. They can be either shock or unstressed. It depends on their location in a particular word. Depending on this, the vowels are called strong or weak. In the second case, the sounds are short in sound. When they are pronounced, the tension of the vocal cords is not required. Strong vowels sound longer. When they are spoken, you need to strain your vocal cords.

The tone of the vowels is an insensitive characteristic. He can convey the emotional state of the speaker or the grammatical meaning of the sentence or sentence. For example, if they are interrogative, then the vowel, which carries the greatest semantic load, is pronounced in a higher tone.

The best books for studying the phonetics of the Russian language

Classification of vowels and consonants plays an important role in the study of the Russian language. It is important to use additional literature in training. This is not accidental, because in order to study the phonetics in full, it takes a lot of time and effort. Without the use of specialized literature, quality education is impossible. Our article lists the best books in which the classification of vowels and consonants is presented.

The book "Phonetics of the Modern Russian Language", authored by Bulanin LL, combines the experience of describing the Russian language on the basis of the general linguistic and phonetic ideas of the school of L. V. Shcherba. This publication is a textbook for students of philology. The book presents the theoretical course of the Russian language. There are nine chapters in it.

"Russian language., Phonetics., Morphology. Orthography" - one of the best teaching aids. The author of the book is AI Moiseev. It contains 254 pages of theoretical material. The book describes not only the classification of speech sounds (vowels, consonants), but also the basis of morphology and spelling. The purpose of the manual is to deepen the professional knowledge of the teacher of the Russian language and the student-philologist.

The book "Historical phonetics of the Russian language" was published in 1980. Its author is Kolesov VV The book contains 214 pages. It describes the development of the phonetic system of the Russian language. The author pays special attention to the all-Russian linguistic processes. All the information provided in the book is supported by factual material from various sources.

"Phonetics of the modern Russian language" is a book, the author of which is Girzeva GN It was published a year ago. The purpose of the manual is to develop students' understanding of the sound system of linguistic activity, as well as to form a concept of sound units.

Many linguists have been studying the sounds of speech for many years . Classification of vowel sounds, as well as consonants, is quite a painstaking work. To get acquainted with the full amount of information it is important to use additional literature.

Interesting facts about the vowels "a" and "o"

The vowel sound "a" is one of the main and most common in many languages of the world. This is the first thing a newborn child learns to pronounce. Experts say that the sound "a" is present in absolutely all languages of the world. By the way, in Ubykh, this is the only vowel. Specialists in symbolism believe that all letters are derived from "a".

The letter "a" is of Phoenician origin, like many others. In the chart of many alphabets it is depicted as a triangle with a crossbar in the middle. Experts believe that it symbolizes the head of a bull. This animal was especially revered by the Phoenicians. In Christianity, the vowel "a" refers to the five wounds of Jesus Christ.

The sound of "o" is the most ancient. The letter entered the Phoenician alphabet more than 3 thousand years ago. Since then, it has not changed. In the church and Old Slavonic alphabet, the letter sounds like "he".

Letters "e", "e", "yu", "I"

A significant role in the Russian language is played by vowel sounds. Classification of vowel sounds allows you to understand how to pronounce this or that word correctly. The letters "e", "e", "yu", "I", which are located after the consonant, indicate its softness. In this case they denote one vowel sound.

It's not a secret for anyone that the letters "e", "e", "yu", "I" in some cases can denote 2 sounds. This can happen when one of them is located at the beginning of a word. For example, the word "spruce" sounds like [de]. The letter has several sounds also if it is located after the vowel. For example, a lighthouse. This phonetic situation is also observed if the vowel letter is located after a hard or soft sign.

The letter "s" and its cancellation

The sound "s" is a vowel. It causes misunderstanding on the part of foreigners who wish to learn Russian. They do not understand for a long period of time how this sound is pronounced. The phonologists characterize it as an unvocalized vowel of the middle series of the upper ascent. This sound is found in many languages of the world.

The sound "s" is common among the Mongols and Turkic peoples. Sound-sense differences of the letters "s" and "and" allow you to create a new series of words and concepts.

Two years ago, Vladimir Zhirinovsky made a proposal to remove the letter "s" from the Russian language. He claims that it is not present in any European language. And it can not be pronounced not only by foreigners, but also by children. Experts say that it is possible to get rid of the letter and sound, but this will only create problems in colloquial and written speech.

Some experts say that it is impossible to interfere with the phonetic development of the language. The sound composition was formed for many centuries independently, and its language determines itself.

For many years, consonants and vowels were formed. Classification of vowel sounds, consonants, as well as the ways of their development are described in many scientific works of scientists-philologists.

Learning vowels

The study of vowel sounds causes difficulty in children. There are various methods that will allow parents and teachers to make the child's education more effective. In order to teach children to read by syllables, it is important that they know and distinguish vowel letters. In the first lesson it is important to study with the child no more than 4 letters. All of them must be printed on cards. During the lesson, the child must constantly see them. It is important not only to show the letter, but also to pronounce it. So the child will remember it visually and audibly.

In the second lesson, it is important to repeat the letters already learned and go on to study two more. You can familiarize your child with vowels in 5 lessons.

Summing up

Vowel sounds play a huge role in the Russian language. Classification of vowels is now known to you. It will be useful not only philologists, but also those who are interested in the development of phonetics of the Russian language. When learning it is also important to use additional literature.