Life and work of Bunin. Themes of Bunin's creative work

Great Russian writer, Nobel laureate, poet, publicist, literary critic and prose writer-translator. It is these words that reflect the activities, achievements and creativity of Bunin. The whole life of this writer was multifaceted and interesting, he always chose his own way and did not listen to those who tried to "rebuild" his views on life, he was not in any literary society, let alone a political party. It can be attributed to those individuals who were unique in their work.

Earliest childhood

On October 10 (in style), in 1870, a small boy named Ivan Bunin was born in Voronezh , whose biography and work will leave a bright mark in the future in Russian and world literature.

Despite the fact that Ivan Bunin came from an ancient noble family, his childhood was not at all in a big city, but in one of the clan estates (it was a small farm). Parents could afford to hire a home teacher. About the time when Bunin grew up and studied at home, the writer throughout his life remembered more than once. About this "golden" period of his life, he responded only positively. He remembered with gratitude and respect this student of the Moscow University, who, according to the writer, awakened in him a passion for literature, because, despite such a young age, the first books that little Ivan read were Odyssey and English Poets. Even Bunin himself later said that this was the very first impetus to poetry and, in general, writing activity. Ivan Bunin showed artistry quite early. The work of the poet found expression in his talent as a reader. He excellently read his own works and interested the most dull listeners.

Studying at a gymnasium

When Vanya was ten years old, his parents decided that he had reached the age when he could already be sent to the gymnasium. So Ivan began to study at the Yelets Gymnasium. During this period he lived away from his parents, from his relatives in Yelets. Admission to the gymnasium and the study itself became a turning point for him, because a boy who all his life lived with his parents before and had almost no restrictions, it was really difficult to get used to the new city life. New rules, rigor and prohibitions entered into his life. Later, he lived in rented apartments, but also did not feel comfortable in these houses. Studying at the gymnasium lasted for a relatively short time, because in 4 years he was expelled. The reason was the non-payment for tuition and non-attendance from the holidays.

Path of external

After all the experience Ivan Bunin settles in the estate of his deceased grandmother in Ozerki. Guided by the instructions of his elder brother Julia, he quickly passes the course of the gymnasium. He taught some subjects more diligently. And even a university course passed through them. Julius, the elder brother of Ivan Bunin, was always distinguished by his education. That's why he helped his younger brother in school. Julia and Ivan had a fairly trusting relationship. For this reason, it was he who became the first reader, as well as a critic of the earliest work of Ivan Bunin.

First lines

According to the writer himself, his future talent was formed under the influence of the stories of relatives and friends he heard in the place where his childhood passed. It was there that he learned the first subtleties and features of his native language, heard stories and songs, which in the future helped the writer to find unique comparisons in his works. All this had the best effect on Bunin's talent.

He began writing poetry at a very early age. Creativity Bunin was born, you can say, when the future writer turned seven years old. When all the other children had just learned to read and write, little Ivan had already begun to write poetry. He really wanted to succeed, mentally compared himself with Pushkin, Lermontov. With enthusiasm he read the works of Maikov, Tolstoy, Fet.

At the very beginning of professional creativity

Ivan Bunin also appeared in the press for the first time at a fairly young age, namely, at the age of 16. Life and work of Bunin in general always closely intertwined with each other. Well, it all began, of course, with a small, when two of his poems were published: "Over the grave of S. Ya. Nadson" and "Village beggar." During the year, ten of his best poems and the first stories Two Wanderers and Nefedka were published. These events became the beginning of the literary and writing activities of the great poet and prose writer. For the first time, the main theme of his works was a man. In the work of Bunin, the theme of psychology, the mysteries of the soul will remain key to the last line.

In 1889, young Bunin, under the influence of the revolutionary democratic movement of the intelligentsia - the Narodniks, moved to his brother in Kharkov. But soon he is disappointed in this movement and moves away from him quickly enough. Instead of cooperation with the Narodniks, he leaves for the city of Orel and begins his work there in the "Orlovsky Vestnik". In 1891 the first collection of his poems was published.

First love

Despite the fact that throughout the life of the theme of creativity Bunin were diverse, almost the entire first poetic collection is imbued with the experiences of the young Ivan. Just at this time the writer had his first love. He lived in a civil marriage with Varvara Pashchenko, who became the author's muse. For the first time, love in Bunin's work was manifested. Young often quarreled, did not find a common language. All that happened in their life together, each time made him disappointed and wonder, but is it worth the love of such experiences? Sometimes it seemed that someone over just does not want them to be together. At first it was the prohibition of Varvara's father for the wedding of young people, then, when they still decided to live in a civil marriage, Ivan Bunin unexpectedly finds a lot of minuses in their life together, and then completely disappointed in it. Later, Bunin draws conclusions for himself that he and Varvara do not fit each other in character, and soon the young people simply part. Virtually immediately Varvara Pashchenko marries a friend Bunin. This brought many experiences to the young writer. He is disappointed in life and love finally.

Productive work

At this time, Bunin's life and work are no longer so similar. The writer decides to give up personal happiness, all given to work. During this period, the tragic love in Bunin's creative work is growing ever brighter.

Almost at the same time, escaping from loneliness, he moves to his brother Julia in Poltava. There is a rise in the literary field. His stories are published in leading journals, he is gaining popularity in writing. The themes of Bunin's creative work are mainly devoted to man, the secrets of the Slavic soul, the majestic Russian nature and selfless love.

After Bunin visited St. Petersburg and Moscow in 1895, he gradually began to enter the great literary milieu, in which he very organically blended. Here he met Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, Chekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Later Ivan begins to correspond with Chekhov. It was Anton Pavlovich who predicted Bunin that he would be a "great writer". Later, carried away by the moral preaching of Tolstoy, Ivan makes his idol out of him and even for some time tries to live by his advice. Bunin asked Tolstoy for an audience and was honored to meet with the great writer personally.

The new step on the creative path

In 1896, Bunin tries himself as a translator of works of art. In the same year, his translation of Longfellow's The Song of Hiawatha is published. In this translation Bunin's creativity was seen from the other side. His contemporaries recognized his talent, highly appreciated the writer's work. Ivan Bunin received for this translation the Pushkin Prize of the first degree, which gave rise to the writer, and now also to the translator, to be proud even more of his achievements. To obtain such a high praise Bunin spent literally titanic work. After all, the translation of such works requires perseverance and talent, and the writer also had to learn English independently for this. As the result of the transfer showed, he succeeded.

The second attempt to get married

Remaining free for so long, Bunin decided to marry again. This time his choice fell on the Greek woman, the daughter of a rich emigrant, A. N. Zakni. But this marriage, like the last, did not bring joy to the writer. After a year of married life, his wife left him. In the marriage they had a son. Little Kolya died quite small, at the age of 5, from meningitis. Ivan Bunin was very worried about the loss of a single child. So the further life of the writer developed, that he had no more children.

Mature years

The first book of stories entitled "To the End of the World" is published in 1897. Virtually all critics rated its content very positively. A year later, another poem "Under the open sky" is published. It was these works that brought the writer popularity in the Russian literature of that time. Bunin's work was brief, but at the same time capacious, presented to the public, which highly appreciated and accepted the author's talent.

But really great popularity Bunin's prose received in 1900, when the story "Antonovskie apples" was published. This work was created on the basis of the writer's memories of his village childhood. For the first time, nature is clearly depicted in Bunin's work. It was the carefree time of childhood that awakened in him the best feelings and memories. The reader is immersed in the beautiful early autumn, which attracts the prose writer, just during the collection of Antonov's apples. For Bunin, this, according to his confession, was the most expensive and unforgettable memories. It was fun, real life and carefree. And the disappearance of the unique smell of apples is like the extinction of all that brought a lot of pleasures to the writer.

Reproaches in the noble origin

Many interpreted ambiguously the meaning of the allegory "the smell of apples" in the work "Antonovskie apples", since this symbol was very closely intertwined with the symbol of the nobility, which, in Bunin's birth, was not alien to him at all. These facts have caused many of his contemporaries, for example M. Gorky, to criticize Bunin's work, saying that Antonov's apples smell good, but they do not smell at all democratic. However, the same Gorky noted the elegance of literature in the work and Bunin's talent.

It is interesting that for Bunin, reproaches in his noble origin did not mean anything. He was a stranger to arrogance or arrogance. Very many at that time searched for subtexts in Bunin's works, wanting to prove that the writer regrets the disappearance of serfdom and the leveling of the nobility as such. But Bunin in his work pursued a completely different idea. He was not sorry for the change of the system, but it is a pity that all life passes, and the fact that we all once loved with our whole heart, but this is a thing of the past ... He was sad that he no longer enjoyed the nature of his native land And its beauty.

Wandering writer

Ivan Bunin spent his whole life in the soul of a creative person. Perhaps this was the reason that he did not stay long, he liked to travel to different cities, where he often drew ideas for his works.

Beginning in October 1900, he traveled with Kurovsky through the countries of Europe. Visited Germany, Switzerland, France. Literally in 3 years already with another friend - playwright Naydenov - he was again in France, visited Italy. In 1904, having become interested in the nature of the Caucasus, he decides to go there. The journey was not in vain. This trip, after many years, inspired Bunin for a whole cycle of stories "The Shadow of a Bird", which are connected with the Caucasus. These stories the world saw in 1907-1911, and much later the story of 1925 "Many Waters" appeared, also inspired by the marvelous nature of this land.

At this time, the most vividly reflected nature in the work of Bunin. This was another facet of the writer's talent - travel essays.

"Find your love, keep it ..."

Life brought Ivan Bunin with many people. Some passed and passed away, others remained for a long time. An example of this was Vera Nikolayevna Muromtseva. Bunin met her in November 1906, in the house of a friend. Clever and educated in many industries, the woman really was his best friend, and even after the death of the writer, he was preparing to publish his manuscript. I wrote the book "The Life of Bunin", in which I placed the most important and interesting facts from the writer's life. He often told her: "Without you, I would not have written anything. I would be lost! "

Here, love and creativity in Bunin's life again find each other. Probably, it was at that moment that Bunin realized that he had found the one he had been looking for for many years. He found in this woman his beloved, a man who always supports him in a difficult moment, a comrade who does not betray. Since the time when Muromtsev became his life companion, the writer with new strength wanted to create and compose something new, interesting, insane, it gave him vitality. It was at that moment that the traveler again wakes up in him, and from 1907 Bunin traveled half of Asia and Africa.

World Recognition

In the period from 1907 to 1912 Bunin did not cease to create. And in 1909 he was awarded the second Pushkin Prize for his "Poems of 1903-1906". Here one remembers a person in Bunin's work and the essence of human actions that the writer tried to understand. Also noted were many translations, which he did no less brilliantly than he composed new works.

09.11.1933 An event happened which became the peak of the writer's writings. He received a letter informing him that Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize. Ivan Bunin - the first Russian writer, who was awarded this high award and prize. His work has reached its peak - he has gained worldwide fame. Since then, it began to be recognized as the best of the best in its field. But Bunin did not stop his activities and, like a really famous writer, he worked with redoubled energy.

The theme of nature in Bunin's work continues to occupy one of the main places. A lot of the writer writes about love. This was the reason for critics to compare the works of Kuprin and Bunin. Indeed, there are many similarities in their works. They are written in a simple and sincere language, full of lyrics, ease and naturalness. Character characters are written very subtly (from a psychological point of view.) Here, in the measure of sensuality, a lot of humanity and naturalness.

Comparison of the works of Kuprin and Bunin gives an occasion to highlight such common features of their works as the tragedy of the fate of the protagonist, the assertion that for any happiness there will be a reckoning, exaltation of love over all other human feelings. Both writers with their creativity claim that the meaning of life is in love, and that a person endowed with the talent to love is worthy of worship.

Conclusion

The life of the great writer was interrupted on November 8 in 1953 in Paris, where he and his wife emigrated after the beginning of the Red Terror in the USSR. He is buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint Genevieve de Bois.

Creativity Bunin briefly describe it is simply impossible. He created a lot in his life, and every his work is worthy of attention.

It is difficult to overestimate his contribution not only to Russian literature, but also to world literature. His works are popular in our time both among young people and among the older generation. This is really that literature that has no age and is always relevant and touching. And now Ivan Bunin is popular. Biography and creativity of the writer cause in many people interest and sincere respect.