Art of the XX century. Futurism in literature and painting

At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the world was slightly "shaken". The rapid growth of industrial production, the hardening of capitalism with its rigid and pragmatic attitude toward life, towards man, turned the minds of people, intensified the contradictions between the habitual unhurried ideals of the century and the spontaneous turbulence of the coming century. And no matter how difficult it was to accept these new laws of life, no matter how difficult it was to part with the familiar and sweet, changes were unavoidable, and the first response to them arose in the minds of creative people, as most acutely felt the onset of the new time.

In 1909 in Italy, Tommaso Marinetti issued a manifesto of the Futurists - a new trend in art, the main idea of which was the complete denial of all the established principles of creating works of art. And if any avant-garde trend in art and literature began with the rejection of canons and traditions, then futurism especially succeeded in this, since it was extremely extreme. Marinetti, the main task of the new direction, proclaimed the daily desecration of the altar of the arts and asserted, as priorities, force, aggression, movement and destruction.

In Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, the confusion in the minds was great, the artists were looking for new forms of expressing complex time, so any emerging trend in art immediately found a fertile response, and futurism was no exception. Even on the contrary, futurism in literature and painting has become widespread in Russia. Many famous writers and poets who later entered the history of culture (V. Mayakovsky, I. Severyanin, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak) began as members of numerous futuristic circles, program theses and numerous manifestos that proclaimed the principles of the new Directions in art were for them much more important than the artistic creativity. Cubo-Futurists, ego-futurists, scientist and suprematists, as well as all-around and nitchevocks, amazed the imagination of the public not only with their harsh statements about traditional art, but also with their unusual creativity, as well as very eccentric antics. Many of them were very good "producers" of themselves. They not only created new art, but also very successfully presented it to the public, earning good money on it. The main methods for self-presentation were public scandals, causing appearance and behavior. Outrageous they attracted public interest, the public very willingly came to exhibitions and literary evenings, giving a ticket for a lot of money.

In Russia, a new avant-garde trend is reflected mainly in poetry. Futurism in literature has clearly manifested itself in new word creation, phonetics of sound, unusual syntactic constructions. The word for new poets lost its usual semantic and lexical meaning, it turned into a plastic material from the sounds by which it was possible to "mold" any design, create new, completely unusual combinations, where the meaning was far from the main thing, or rather, there were other Meanings. Thus, futurism in literature tried to create a new language, democratic and mass, consonant with modern transformations in society, understandable to everyone and accepted by all.

A new trend in art not only sought to comprehend and convey complex phenomena occurring around, but also to transform the world itself, to create time. Futurism in the literature was characterized by completely unusual experiments related to the color images of sounds and words. So, each vowel and consonant sound was attributed a certain color match. Combining them in their poems, the futurists created with the help of words imaginative color canvases, thereby trying to convey a certain mood.

Futurism in literature was closely intertwined with other forms of art. This flow became quite widespread in painting, and some of the futurist poets were very original painters, for example, V. Mayakovsky, V. Khlebnikov, V. Kamensky, and others. Futurism in painting, as in literature, manifested itself in vivid experiments. Moreover, the painters K. Malevich, P. Filonov and others with the help of brushes and paints managed to more effectively and clearly express on canvas what the poets in their literary works aspired.

Futurism is rebelliousness, denial of traditional art and an attempt to create a new one, aimed at the future. These are experiments with word and sound, the search for new syntactic and semantic constructions, democratic, understandable to the broad masses and capable of expressing complex transformations in the society of the early twentieth century.