Laparoscopy is ... Laparoscopy in gynecology

Quite often there are situations when a person needs surgery. A few decades ago, doctors used laparotomy. In the process of its implementation, the patient is injected into the deepest sleep with general anesthesia, after which the abdominal wall, muscles and tissues are dissected. Then the necessary manipulations are performed and the tissues are layered in layers. This method of intervention has many shortcomings and consequences. That is why the development of medicine does not stand still.

Recently, almost every medical institution has all the conditions for a more sparing surgical intervention.

Laparoscopy

This is a method of conducting surgical intervention or diagnosis, after which a person can quickly return to the usual rhythm of life and get a minimum of complications from the manipulation.

Laparoscopy in gynecology

The use of this manipulation has become quite popular. If the doctor does not have the opportunity to make an accurate diagnosis of the patient, then this kind of procedure will help in this. Laparoscopy in gynecology is used to treat or remove tumors, to treat infertility in women. Also this method will help to eliminate the adhesion process and remove foci of endometriosis as accurately as possible.

Other applications

In addition to diagnosis and treatment of gynecological pathologies, laparoscopy of the gallbladder, intestine, stomach and other organs can be performed. Quite often, with the help of this method, the removal of one or another organ or its part is carried out.

Indication for intervention

Laparoscopy is a method of correction that has indications for carrying out, like any other surgical intervention:

• Severe internal bleeding.
• Rupture of an organ.
• Female infertility, which has no established cause.
• Tumors of the ovaries, uterus or other organs of the abdominal cavity.
• Necessity of bandaging or removal of fallopian tubes.
• The presence of an adhesive process, which causes severe discomfort to a person.
• Treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
• When developing endometriosis or other diseases of organs.

In some cases, laparoscopy is not the best treatment option and laparotomy is necessary.

Contraindications for interventions

Laparoscopy is never performed in the following cases:

• If there is a serious stage of vascular disease or heart disease.
• During a person's stay in a coma.
• With poor blood clotting.
• For colds or bad tests (exceptions are emergency cases that do not tolerate procrastination).

Before operation

The patient is recommended to undergo a small examination before the operation. All tests assigned to a person must comply with the regulations the hospital has. Laparoscopy planned before carrying out provides such inspection:

• A blood test of the general and biochemical.
• Determination of blood clotting.
• Analysis of urine.
• Carrying out of a roentgenography and research of the cardiogram.

If an emergency operation is performed, the doctor is limited to a minimum list of tests, which include:

• Blood test for group and clotting.
• Measurement of pressure.

Preparation of the patient

Scheduled operations are usually scheduled for the early afternoon. The day before the manipulation, the patient is recommended to restrict eating in the evening. The patient is also given an enema, which is repeated in the morning before surgery.

The day on which manipulation is prescribed, the patient is forbidden to drink and eat.

Since laparoscopy is the most gentle method of surgical intervention, microinstruments are used during its implementation, and small incisions of the abdominal cavity are also made.

To start the patient is put into a sleep state. Anesthesiologist calculates the necessary dose of the drug, taking into account the sex, weight, height and age of the patient. When the anesthesia has acted, the person is connected to the respirator. This is necessary so that during the operation there are no unforeseen situations, since the abdominal organs are subjected to interference.

The patient is further inflated with a special gas. This will help the doctor to freely move instruments in the abdominal cavity and not to hook on the upper wall.

Progress of the operation

After the preparation of the patient is completed, the doctor makes several incisions of the abdominal cavity. If a cyst is performed laparoscopy, the incisions are made in the lower abdomen. If surgical intervention is necessary in the intestine, gallbladder or stomach, the incisions are made at the location of the target.

In addition to small tool holes, the surgeon makes one cut, which is somewhat larger. It is necessary for the introduction of a video camera. Usually perform this incision above the navel or below it.

After all instruments are inserted into the abdominal wall and the camera is properly connected, the doctor sees a large image on the large screen several times larger. Focusing on it, perform the necessary manipulation in the human body.

The time laparoscopy can vary from 10 minutes to one hour.

Postoperative condition

After completion of the manipulations, the doctor extracts instruments and manipulators from the abdominal cavity and partially releases the air that the abdominal wall rises. After this, the patient is led into feelings and the control devices are turned off.

The doctor checks the state of reflexes and reactions of a person, after which he transfers the patient to the postoperative department. All movements of the patient are carried out strictly on a special wheelchair with the help of medical personnel.

In the first hours, it is not recommended to give the patient a drink, since vomiting may begin. When a person starts to move away from anesthesia, you can give him simple water one sip.

In a few hours it is recommended to lift the upper part of the body and try to sit down. You can get up no earlier than five hours after the end of the operation. The first steps after the intervention are recommended to perform with outside help, since there is a big risk of losing consciousness.

The patient is discharged within five days or a week after the operation, provided that he feels well and has positive dynamics. Stitches from the cuts are removed on average two weeks after the intervention.

Recovery after surgery

If tumor treatment has been performed, then, after laparoscopy, the cyst or its fragment is sent for histological examination. Only after receiving the results, the patient may be prescribed a follow-up treatment.

When removing the gallbladder or part of another organ, a histological examination is performed if it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis.

If an operation was performed on female organs, the ovaries after laparoscopy should "rest" for a while. For this, the doctor prescribes the necessary hormonal preparations. The patient also receives anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs.

Choosing a Clinic

Before the institution in which laparoscopy is performed is preferred, the cost of work and stay in the hospital must be taken into account and agreed with the attending physician. Analyze the work and cost of service in several places and decide on the choice.

If surgical intervention is urgent, then most likely, no one will ask about preferences and you will be assisted in a public medical institution. In this case, laparoscopy does not matter. All manipulations are free of charge if there is an insurance policy.

Consequences and complications of surgical intervention

In most cases, laparoscopy has a positive effect on human health. However, complications can sometimes occur both during the manipulation and after it.

Perhaps the main complication is the formation of adhesive process. This is the inevitable consequence of all surgical interventions. It is worth mentioning that in the process of laparotomy, the development of the adhesion process is faster and more pronounced.

Another complication that may occur during surgery is injury to neighboring organs by injectors. As a result, internal bleeding can begin . That's why at the end of manipulation, the doctor examines the abdominal cavity and organs for damage.

After surgery, the patient may feel pain in the area of the clavicle. This is absolutely normal and does not last more than one week. This discomfort is explained by the fact that the gas "walking" around the body is looking for an outlet and affects the nervous receptors and tissues.

Never be afraid of an impending laparoscopy. This is the most gentle method of surgical treatment. Do not be ill and be healthy!