Japanese hokku. Japanese hokku about nature. Poems of Hokku

The beauty of poetry enchants almost all people. No wonder they say that music can tame even the most ferocious beast. So the beauty of creativity sinks deep into the soul. How do poems differ? What is so attractive Japanese trehstishiya hokku? And how to learn to perceive their deep meaning?

The beauty of Japanese poetry

The light of the moon and the fragile tenderness of the morning snow inspire Japanese poets to create a three-figure of unusual brightness and depth. Japanese hokku is a poem that is distinguished by its lyricism. In addition, it may be unfinished and leave room for imagination and thoughtful reflection. Poems of hokku (or haiku) do not tolerate haste or harshness. The philosophy of these soul creations is directed directly into the hearts of listeners and reflects the hidden thoughts and secrets of the writer. The simple people are very fond of creating these short poetic formulas, where there are no superfluous words, and the syllable harmoniously goes from folk to literary, continuing to develop and generate new poetic forms.

The appearance of a national poetic form

Original poetic forms, so famous in Japan - pentistry and triestigia (tank and hockey). The tank is literally treated as a short song. Initially, the so-called folk songs that appeared at the dawn of Japanese history. In the literature of Japan, the tank was pushed out by the nagaut, which differed in excessive length. In folklore preserved epic and lyric songs of varying length. After many years, Japanese hokku separated from the tanks in the heyday of urban culture. Hokku contains all the richness of poetic images. In the history of Japanese poetry there have been periods of both prosperity and decline. There were times when Japanese hockey could disappear altogether. But over a long period of time it became obvious that short and capacious verse forms are a necessity and an urgent need of poetry. Such forms of poetry can be composed quickly, under a storm of emotions. Its hot idea can be enclosed in metaphors or aphorisms, making memorable, reflecting it with praise or reproach.

Characteristic features of Japanese poetry

Japanese hokku poetry is distinguished by its desire for laconicism, conciseness of forms, love for minimalism, which is inherent in Japanese national art, which is universal and can create with minimal virtuosity minimalistic and monumental images. What is so popular and attractive Japanese hockey? First of all, this is a condensed thought, reflected by the thoughts of ordinary citizens, wary of the traditions of classical poetry. Japanese hokku becomes the bearer of a capacious idea and most of all responds to the needs of growing generations. The beauty of Japanese poetry is in the depiction of those objects that are close to each person. It shows the life of nature and man in a harmonious unity against the background of the changing seasons. Japanese poetry is syllabic, with rhythmics based on the alternation of syllables. Rhyme in hockey is unimportant, but the primary sound and rhythmic organization of the triad.

Size of the poems

Only the unenlightened thinks that this original verse has no parameters and limitations. Japanese hokku has a steady meter with a certain number of syllables. In each verse there is a number: in the first - five, in the second - seven, and in the third - only seventeen syllables. But this does not limit poetic freedom. The real creator will never take into account the meter in achieving poetic expressiveness.

Small size hokku even European sonnet makes a monumental. The art of writing Japanese hokku is precisely in the ability to express thoughts in a condensed form. In this respect, hokku has a similarity with folk proverbs. The main differences between such proverbs and hokku lie in genre features. Japanese hokku - this is not a cautionary saying, not marked sharpness, but a poetic picture, decorated in several strokes. The poet's task is in lyrical excitement, flight of imagination and detail of the picture. Hokka Japanese examples even in the works of Chekhov. In his letters he describes the beauty of moonlit nights, stars and black shadows.

Required elements of the work of Japanese poets

The method of creating the Japanese three-line requires the maximum activity of the writer, full immersed in creativity. The collection of hokku is impossible to simply run through the eyes, not focusing attention. Each poem requires a thoughtful reading and philosophical reflection. The passive reader will not be able to feel the impulse contained in the content of the creation. Only when the thoughts of the reader and the creator work together, genuine art is born, just as the swing of a bow and the trembling of a string give birth to music. The miniature size of the hockey does not at all facilitate the task of the creator, because it means that in a small number of words it is necessary to accommodate the immense, and there is simply no time for a lengthy presentation of your thoughts. In order not to express the meaning hurriedly, in each phenomenon the writer seeks a climax.

Heroes of Japanese Hokku

Many poets express their thoughts and emotions in hokku by transferring the main role to a specific object. Some poets reflect the people's worldview with a loving depiction of small forms and the affirmation of their right to life. Poets intercede in their creations for insects, amphibians, simple peasants and gentlemen. Therefore, the Japanese tri-chiu hoku examples have a social sound. The emphasis on small forms makes it possible to draw a picture of a large scale.

The beauty of nature in verse

Japanese hokku about nature is akin to painting, as it often becomes a transfer of the plot of paintings and a source of inspiration for artists. Sometimes hokku is a special component of the picture, which is served as a calligraphically decorated inscription under it. A striking example of such a work is Buson's three-figure:
"The flowers are ravaged around, the sun is extinguishing in the west, the moon is rising in the east."
Wide fields are described, covered with yellow flowers of rape, which seem especially bright in the rays of sunset. The fiery solar ball effectively contrasts with the pallor of the rising moon. In hokku there are no details demonstrating the effect of lighting and the palette of colors, but it offers a new look at the picture. From the poet depends the grouping of the main elements and details of the picture. The laconic manner of the image is similar to the Japanese hokku with color engraving ukiyo-e:

The spring rain is falling!
On the way they talk
Umbrella and mino.

This Buson Hokku is a genre scene in the spirit of ukiyo-e engraving. The meaning of it - in a conversation between two passers-by under the spring rain. One of them is covered with an umbrella, and the second is clothed in a straw cloak - mino. A feature of this hokku is the fresh breath of spring and subtle humor, close to the grotesque.

Images in the poems of Japanese poets

The poet who creates Japanese hokku often prefers not visual, but sound images. Each sound is filled with a special meaning, feeling and mood. The poem can reflect the howling of the wind, the cicadas, the cries of a pheasant, the singing of a nightingale and a lark, the voice of a cuckoo. This is how a hokk is remembered, describing the whole orchestra that sounds in the forest.

The lark sings.
A loud blow in more often
The pheasant echoed him.
(Basho)

Before readers there is no voluminous panorama of associations and images, but the thought with certain directions awakens. The poems resemble a monochrome drawing of ink, without unnecessary details. Only a few skillfully selected elements help to create a brilliant picture of late autumn in its laconism. Feelings of a winding silence and the sad stillness of nature. The light contour of the image nevertheless possesses an increased capacity and bewitches with its depth. And even if only nature is described in the poem, then the state of the poet's soul, his painful loneliness, is felt.

Flying imagination of the reader

The attractiveness of hokku lies in the feedback. Only this verse form allows you to have equal opportunities with writers. The reader becomes a co-author. And can be guided by your imagination in the depiction of the image. Together with the poet, the reader experiences sadness, shares a longing and plunges into the depths of personal experiences. Over the long centuries of existence, ancient hockey did not become less profound. Japanese hokku does not show, but hints and prompts. His longing for the deceased child poet Issa expressed in hokku:

Our life is dewdrop.
Let only a drop of dew
Our life - and yet ...

Rosa is a metaphor for the transience of life. Buddhism teaches the brevity and ephemerality of human life and its low value. But still the father can not reconcile with the loss of a loved one and can not treat life as a philosopher. His silence at the end of the stanza speaks more words.

Unconcern in hokku

An obligatory element of Japanese hokku is discord and the ability to independently continue the line of the creator. Most often the verse contains two significant words, and the rest is formalities and exclamations. All unnecessary details are discarded, leaving bare facts without embellishment. Poetic means are chosen very sparingly, because if possible, metaphors and epithets are not used. It also happens that Japanese poems of hokku are an expanded metaphor, but the direct meaning lies in the subtext.

From the peony core
Slowly the bee creeps out ...
Oh, what a reluctance!

Basho wrote this poem at the time of parting with his friend's house and clearly conveyed all the emotions.

The Japanese pose of hockey was and remains an innovative art belonging to ordinary people: merchants, artisans, peasants and even beggars. Sincere feelings and natural emotions inherent in each person, bring together representatives of different classes.