Involvement: commas and other rules

Once a famous philologist was asked about how many languages he knows. He pointed to thick dictionaries in Russian and replied that he did not know any, because he could not master his own perfectly. That is why literacy for native speakers is even more important than for a foreigner. A person who does not know foreign languages is ignorant. A person who does not know his own language is a traitor to the Motherland. So, consider the participial turnover, the commas associated with it, and the rules for its use.

What is a participial turnover?

This design always consists of two parts:

- participle;
- dependent words.

Communion is an independent part of speech, a verbal form with signs of an adjective. This part of speech manifests itself as signs of the verb, and of the adjective. The signs of the verb include: management, type, pledge, time.
The signs of the participle as an adjective are: gender, number, case, form.
It is worth remembering that these signs are permanent.

Participant turnover: commas associated with it, after the specified word

If the participial turnover is after the specified word, then it is separated by commas. A few examples:

The dog running in the courtyard rushed to the gate.

The word in this turn is the "dog". "Running in the courtyard" is a participial turn.

Skyscraper, built in the shortest time, towered over the city.

"Skyscraper" is a definable word. "Constructed in the shortest time" - participial turnover, where "built" - participles, "in the shortest possible time" - dependent words.

Notice that in the first sentence the participle was valid, and in the second - passive.

Involvement: commas and rules of use before the word being defined

The rule says: "The participial turnover facing the word being defined is not separated by commas". For example: A piece of sausage lying on the table attracted the attention of Murzik.

"Lying on the table" - participial turn. Please note that there is no comminution of commnication.

The boiled strong coffee stood and cooled, and the girl did not go to the kitchen.

Place of sacraments in Russian and their competent use

Communion came in modern language from Slavic antiquity, but although they have existed here for a long time, they are rarely used in oral communication. Moreover, the comma before the sacrament and after it was and will be the scourge of all schoolchildren. And all because this construction does not occur in ordinary oral speech. Some experts strongly do not recommend their similar use. One more recommendation should be followed: it is not necessary to load the written text with participial turns - you risk making it difficult to master. Avoid a large number of participles, in the suffixes of which there are sibilants: melting, croaking, walking, reading, flashing, living, carrying, chewing , etc.

If necessary, the participial turnover can easily be replaced by a subordinate clause. In this case, the comma after the participial turnover is preserved even during the transformation. For example:

The apple washed by me lies on the table. - The apple that I washed is on the table.

The text I wrote was forgotten in the room. - The text I wrote was forgotten in the room.

Errors when using participial speed

Because of the specific nature of the participles, people make many mistakes when they are used and distort the participial circulation, sometimes they do not even put a comma. Using participles and turns based on them, one should follow several rules.

• Do not use the particle "would". Wrong proposal will be: Miners did not use special dynamite, which would cause the collapse of the entire mine. It is in this case that we can get a subordinate offer. Miners did not use special dynamite, which would provoke the collapse of the entire mine.
• Unions and union words can not be included in the composition of participial turnovers. Therefore, the bridge that struck last week, did not begin to build anew. In such cases, there is confusion in the structure of the sentence, and it becomes incorrectly composed. Successful will be this option: M ost, collapsed last week, did not begin to build anew.
• Often in the speech, the order of the location of the turnover and the word being determined is violated. 1) The participial circulation is separated from the main word by others. The mouse rustles in the corner, gnawing a seed. Obviously the wrong arrangement of the parts of the sentence. They need to be swapped. A mouse, gnawing a seed, rustles in the corner.

2) The word to be determined in the middle of a turn. For example: She had a yellowed side from the sun's rays. Gramatically correct proposal: She had a yellowed side of the sun.

Category and time are not just words

Besides this, the categories and time inherent in the sacraments are important.

1) Present participles emphasize what they designate. I saw a schooner rushing along the waves. We went to a village founded by an old landowner.

2) A sign of constancy. Marina is a good employee, responsible for her duties.

A cat is a cunning animal, always thirsting for peace.

3) Pointing to a constant sign, sometimes use past participles. He stared at the apple tree growing in the garden. He stared at the apple tree growing in the garden.

Remember! Actual participles signify the sign of who (what) does (the floating boat, the dining family, the princess reading ), and the passive ones - of the one with whom (what) do (a folded newspaper, a cut apple, a read book, a written text ).

Thus, in the article we have discovered what a participial turn is, when it is allocated by commas and what are the rules and exceptions when it is used.