International environmental law - a legal method of protecting the global ecosystem

For 20 years, the international community has been seriously concerned about the situation in the environment. Therefore, it is quite natural within the framework of international law that the branch "international environmental law" was formed. Intergovernmental organizations have developed a whole list of legislative acts that determined the beginning of development, institutions for protecting nature from the results of people's activities. Therefore, we should carefully consider this section of international relations.

Definition and principles of international environmental law

This industry should be viewed as a union of norms and principles, the observance of which ensures the preservation of the environment, and, moreover, allows the effective implementation of methods for improving its status by legal entities.

Why is international environmental law so acute and important? The answer may be that, since the fifties of the last century, the rapid growth of industry has led to global pollution of nature. In addition, the growing number of transnational corporations has led to the development of a unified approach to the standards of the environmental plan. In this connection, certain principles of international environmental law were developed. They were:

1. The principle of globality - can be disclosed as follows - in the event of an environmental problem, its solution is the responsibility of the entire world community. And this principle is widely used. Suffice it to recall the agreement on the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere or the fight against the consequences of bottling oil in one of the water areas. In addition, this principle is closely linked to the conservation of biological diversity;

2. the principle of the universal human resource of natural resources located outside the territories of countries. It is expressed in the fact that no state has the right to claim mineral resources if they are located outside its territories;

3. The principles of freedom of study and exploitation of natural resources, this may include the principle of international cooperation in environmental research;

4. Principle of rationality in the exploitation of natural resources;

5. The principle of non-admission of damage in general and as a result of military actions in particular and / or its elimination;

6. the principle of responsibility for the violation of the environment.

These principles are only a specific part of the whole, including, in particular, the general principles of international law.

The obligatory nature of the action of these principles is based on the sources on the basis of which the institution in question operates.

Sources of international environmental law

A single approach to the forms of expression of this right does not exist. Some authors divide them into three categories:

1. agreements that do not directly relate to the right under consideration;

2. contracts containing separate provisions;

3. Contracts directly aimed at international environmental law.

Others differentiate the usual norms and provisions of international treaties. We are also interested in the basic sources of international environmental law. Differentiate two types: declarations and conventions. The first should include the Declaration of 1972 on the problems of the human environment, on which all further cooperation was built. The second is the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, developed in 1979, the Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, approved in Vienna (Austria) in 1985, and other regulating parts of nature.

Thus, today international environmental law is a significant institution aimed at preserving the global balance in nature, as well as preserving the world ecosystem for future generations.