Infant age of the child. Development in infancy

It's amazing that some age groups do not have frames. For example, in the law of the Russian Federation there are no clear age limits for the concept of "child". It is clear that every parent considers his child to be a baby at eighteen and thirty. However, a purely formal citizen has to pay taxes from birth, and can express his opinion about who to live with after their divorce, since ten years. The criminal responsibility of a person in our state begins at the age of fourteen, and at the age of eighteen there is full legal capacity. Similarly, with young people - the age limits of this period of a person's life are not prescribed anywhere. But speaking of such a concept as the infant age - many of us still imagine a certain clear image of the baby. From this article you will learn about what this age represents and what its characteristics are.

Age limits

Many experts nevertheless tend to believe that infants are children from the moment of birth and up to one year. Very often it is possible to meet the definition of "breast baby", but using this term, do not automatically take into account all the babies that mothers are not being fed with breast milk. Consider the first classification. Infant age is an early age in which all the basic physiological skills of the baby are acquired. The main achievements of this age - the emergence of speech skills, their timely improvement, as well as arbitrary (conscious) interaction with the environment.

Infant age of the child

Psychologists say that in a child's life, infancy is the most productive and at the same time stable period of development. Infant age occurs when the child overcomes the first crisis in his life - birth. For a long time he was in the womb, where everything was necessary for a comfortable life - food, warmth, comfort. And here the kid gets on white light: absolutely other temperature of air, other breath, absolutely other world surrounds it! Development in infancy is very rapid. For the first time, social connections are established, emotional interaction not only with the mother, but also with other family members. The child first learns what it is like to communicate by means of sounds, touches, gestures.

The Value of Communication

From the first minutes of life, communication becomes an extremely important component of the full development of the infant's personality. It is through communication that the infant socializes, acquires a stable psyche. The child should feel warmth and care, otherwise the so-called attention deficit may develop, which, in turn, can negatively affect the entire life of the young person - this is how important this age is. The infancy period in a person's life is completely unique. Imitating others, the kid is rapidly learning new things day after day. First of all, he, of course, says to others about his mood, about what his state of health is. Infants can not tell you what exactly they do not like, what causes their discomfort, so it's so important to be sensitive to the emotions of the baby.

Mental development of the baby

Perhaps the most important characteristic of the infant age is the acquisition of developed thinking. Mental development of the child at this age a number of scientists consider sensorimotor. This phase of thinking is based on the emotional and tactile perception of this world. So far, the child does not have enough skills to communicate, but that's amazing - he still communicates with this world! For children, exercise is extremely important - the kid constantly wants to grab something, bite, suck ... In addition, children during this period are actively listening and watching what is happening around. Later, they adopt the model of behavior of others and copy some of their parents' actions. It is important to note that the baby already at the age of two months is able to distinguish "his" from "stranger", a stranger. He is well acquainted with the voices of his parents, at the same time, he may get scared when he hears a new timbre of voice. Also, the infant learns to anticipate what will happen in the near future. For example, if a child is accustomed to the fact that every day it is smeared with some kind of cream, and this process does not really appeal to him, he may get scared and cry as soon as he sees a familiar tube.

Actions kid

Features of infantile age are also in the specifics of the first movements of the baby. So, for example, scientists know the phenomenon of the so-called eye of the newborn. Chaotic eye movements may seem unusual, but do not worry. The doctor observing the child will notice deviations from the norm, if any. In the vast majority of cases, he quickly learns to focus on a particular object. Very often, kids have particularly expressive movements. Through their babies also express their emotions. Children learn to crawl - this is the first way they move. The most favorite gesture of any kid is an indication. With his little finger the child will indicate what he wants to grab, on the one to whom he wants to go to the pens, and so on.

The crisis of the first year of life

The first age-related crisis, which, perhaps, every person on the Earth encounters happens to him in the second year from birth. The development of a child in infancy goes by leaps and bounds, and often the child's psyche is not capable of perceiving all the amount of information that it receives. During this period, the kid becomes especially capricious, it seems incompetent for education. At this life stage, the kid already wants to do many things on his own. He is especially susceptible to the fact that adults make comments to him, do not let him indulge in and touch dangerous objects, take them away from places where they really should not go to the kids. The crisis of the first year is a test that must be overcome not only by the child, but also by his parents! In this difficult period, adults should surround the baby with attention, take a calmer attitude to the whims of the child and do not take too close to heart the fact that their child does not obey. Permissiveness in this period can lead to improper upbringing of the baby. The only advice that is suitable for any family during this period is to love each other, respect the wishes of the child and the opinion of the second parent.

Toddlers from 1 to 3 years old

After experiencing a difficult stage - the crisis of the first year of life, parents and children enter a new phase of development. It should be noted immediately that if you treat the pranks of a child with humor, then all these "crises" will pass unnoticed for all members of the family. Infant preschool age is determined by the age range from 1 to 3 years. At this time, the speech of the baby is getting more and more perfect, the vocabulary is increasing, the child can start actively asking you questions about the world around, so stock up in encyclopedias, be ready to answer all the tricky questions of your baby. "During this period it is also difficult to put the baby to bed, The solution was to find interesting fairy tales.Some parents tried to include light classical melodies for their children for the night and came to the conclusion that if the music is the background to the favorite fairy tale, the child falls asleep in a few m Inutes.

The next crisis

Capricious behavior of the child and can bring anyone - just not you! We repeat: in order to survive the difficult stages in life, they must be treated only with humor. Let your sense of humor and patience help you survive another crisis - a three-year age. The infant period can be considered finished when the child goes to the kindergarten. There he meets his peers - a variety of guys, sometimes the same capricious and frightened by the new situation, like himself. Children feel the universal injustice, when parents give them, even for a couple of hours, in a nursery. Other people's babysitting, incomprehensible kids, all that unusual and strange - kids and do not know that soon the kindergarten will be the place where they want to come back again and again to play with other guys!

Difficulties of the nursery

As it was said before, a child who first finds himself in such an unfamiliar place as a kindergarten can experience serious stress, which influences behavior and even some skills! Difficulties that a baby can face when the infant age ends and the time of kindergarten begins is as follows:

• The child begins to cry more - most children cry on their first day in kindergarten. Kids feel uncomfortable, worry about the fact that parents are not around for a long time.
• The interest to cognition decreases, games - kids are in a state of stress, they just do not have fun games or reading books when they miss their parents.
• Helplessness - even if your baby confidently holds a spoon and walks calmly to the pot, at first in a kindergarten he may have difficulty with these skills. But all this remains only a matter of habit. Kindergarten staff and caregivers can help your child feel at home, and soon he will become independent again.
• He sleeps badly and eats little - that's what educators say to most parents about their baby in the early days in kindergarten. Kids should get used to the routine of the day, but, of course, it is desirable that they already have the natural habit of sleeping in the day before they come to the nursery.
• Weak immunity - your baby can get sick more often when he goes to kindergarten. Against the background of stress, the immune system of even an adult person is significantly weakened, what can we say about babies!

How to help your baby?

Infant age flew quickly, almost unnoticeably, in your baby's life there has come a new, far from simple stage, and only you can help him to adapt more easily in this new environment. First, try to keep the kindergarten day regime at home. Feed the child on schedule, devote time to cognitive games and, of course, do not forget about a quiet hour. Teach your baby to communicate with other kids on the street, let him spend time alone. Your kid should be able to play for himself at least 10 minutes per hour! More walk in the fresh air, because walking is the best way to keep the body and immunity in tone!

How to spend a weekend with the baby?

So the first week in kindergarten has ended, ahead of the weekend! They should bring a lot of joy and good memories to you and your child. You can try to organize a picnic in the fresh air, together with him to make simple meals and treat all members of the family. Build a big house from improvised means! Children love to build real towers from pillows and blankets. Read books, draw, play a doctor or a hairdresser. Play the school: let the child perform simple tasks and get for them fives or colored stickers - which he will like. Hide the treasure and try to find this treasure together, try to make a beautiful applique or origami. Play hide-and-seek, think up a sport competition, watch a cartoon, blind figures from plasticine! Let this weekend be fun and unforgettable!