Indicate the factors of the natural and social environment of man

A person lives and develops under the influence of natural and social conditions. The latter are the product of his own activity: physical, mental, cognitive. The uniqueness of human existence lies, first of all, in the fact that the factors of the natural and social environment of man collectively form the evolution of the biological species Homo sapiens.

Common roots

With the man's greatest desire to distance himself from his animal nature, he is unlikely to succeed. Very much much in our body and its functions reminds us of kinship with mammals.

This applies primarily to the general anatomical plan of the human body, namely: morphological and physiological signs of the course of biochemical reactions in cells, organs and tissues. Indicate the factors of the natural and social environment, correlatively related to each other, and this will help to clarify the significance of each of them in the process of anthropogenesis. Be sure to take into account the fact that a person is considered to be a complex, open, self-organizing, self-replicating and recovering biosystem. Next, we will consistently study the types of natural influences on the human body.

Abiotic factors

Include such conditions as humidity, light, temperature, radiation background. They directly or indirectly affect both the individual and the human population as a whole. Natural factors are also called environmental factors. The intensity of their impact can be constant or selective, even in the long intervals of the development of the biosphere as a whole. This is the force of gravity, the gas composition of the atmosphere, the salt composition of sea water,

Types of environmental impacts

The change in abiotic conditions can be divided into the following groups: non-periodic (earthquake, volcanic eruptions), periodic (the change of seasons, lunar cycles), and also long-lasting.

They include the global warming of the Earth's climate. All inhabitants of the planet, including humans, adapt to the complex of environmental factors, using the mechanisms of neuro-humoral regulation of metabolism. All the above facts lead us to the following conclusion: indicate the factors of the natural and social environment to which the organism is exposed, and only then can you foresee what adaptive changes will occur both for an individual and for society as a whole.

Moreover, we are all under the influence of global environmental laws, for example: the law of the optimum, the rule of relative independence of adaptation. Moreover, taking into account the biosocial nature of man, it becomes clear what a great influence is exerted on him by the laws of anthropogenesis, otherwise called social factors. Considering the natural sciences and social sciences, you correctly indicate the factors of the natural and social environment. Biology emphasizes such aspects as the doctrine of the biosphere, the laws of anthropogenesis, ecological laws.

Living organisms as a specific environment of existence

Biotic conditions include different types of mutual influence of living organisms on each other. It can be the influence of plants, animals, bacteria on humans, the interaction of human individuals against each other. Consider the first form of interrelation on the example of symbiotic bacteria, normally inhabiting the human body. Their composition depends on the place of localization in various parts of the body, as well as on the sex, age and state of human health. So, in the oral cavity there are streptococci, pneumococci, E. coli. In the small intestine live yeast, enterococcus. The microflora of the large intestine plays an important role in the processes of absorption and general metabolism. Here there are bifidobacteria and lactobacteria, and vitamins of group B are synthesized, which improve the digestive processes.

The long evolution of man, which took place in close contact with the animal and vegetable world, led to the appearance of varieties of cultivated plants and breeds of domestic animals. If you are tasked with: "Indicate the factors of the natural and social environment of man", it is necessary to take into account the impact on anthropogenesis of not only public disciplines, but also such divisions of biology as botany, zoology, bacteriology.

Human activities and the state of the biosphere

Unfortunately, until now people have not realized that their entire existence and life itself directly depend on the state of the planet Earth and its nature. Our history is replete with facts of senseless destruction by the person of everything that surrounds him. But the beneficial effect of human activity on the world around me is simply miserable. Mankind continues to "change nature" with enviable persistence. Such actions were called "anthropogenic environmental factor". Its negative influence can be reduced if guided in its actions by an "ecological conscience" (the expression of the American scientist A. Leopold). If you are asked a question about this, then indicate the factors of the natural and social environment that are most significant for human evolution, determine in it the place and role of such phenomena as urbanization and demographic explosion.

The increase in the world population

It is an indicator that drastically influences the state of the biosphere, and belongs to a group of factors that determine the level of the social environment of mankind. Over the past 50 years, the world's population has doubled and now stands at about 7.3 billion people.

This phenomenon was called the demographic explosion. The greatest of the existing problems is the provision of human society with food resources. Studying the demography (the science of the laws of reproduction of the population and the conditions on which it depends), reliably indicate the factors of the natural and social environment.

How did the demography originate and what tasks does it put before itself? The beginning of its origin can be considered the middle of the 19th century, when A. Guiyar's studies appeared. Its main tasks are planning and monitoring of labor resources, as well as demographic policy (forecasting births and deaths, marriage and reproduction of the population as a whole).

Urbanization

The growth of the Earth's population and the development of industry are synchronized with the emergence of megacities. Now in cities of different countries live from 45 to 47% of the total population. The micro environment around them was most affected by irresponsible human activity: accumulation of thousands of tons of garbage and water pollution by sewage. Virtually destroyed natural ecosystems surrounding large cities. Soil, water and air are contaminated with toxic industrial wastes. All this poses a direct threat to people's lives.

How to study the laws of human society

The French philosopher O. Comte proved that the social environment of man is the same object of study as nature. She lives according to certain laws, which are formed in the process of communication and interaction of people in the sphere of work, life, and culture. These regularities are studied by sociology. Indicate the factors of the natural and social environment - and, using sociological research methods, you will be able to study all areas of human life: politics, economics, governance, education. Sociological studies consider human society, based on the needs of its members, take into account the attitudes, interests and priorities of the human person.

Let's sum up the studied topic. It can be argued that if you are asked: "Indicate the factors of the natural and social environment," the short answer should read: "The first group includes abiotic (ecological) and biotic factors, which form the natural environment of man.The second group includes comprehensive life processes Human society, called the social environment. "