In what words are more letters than sounds, and vice versa: more sounds than letters?

In Russian, words are not always written as they are heard. It often happens that the number of letters and sounds does not match.

Letter y

So, in which words are there more letters than sounds? First of all in those in which there is a. This letter is written in words to denote the softness of consonants. And such a sound in an audible word is expressed by a single phoneme.

As a result, it turns out that there will be more letters in the word than sounds, for example:

• Bathhouse - six b., [Ban'ka] - five bells;
• The news is five b., [V'es't '] - four bells;
• Guest - five b., [Gos't '] - four bells;
• Rain - five b., [Dosht '] - four bells;
• Life - five b., [Zhyz '] - four bells;
• Horse - four b., [Kon '] - three bells;
• Laziness - four b., [L'en] - three sound;
• Mole - four b., [Pier '] - three bells;
• Zero - four b., [Nol '] - three bells;
• Password - six b., [Password '] - five flashes;
• The role is four b., [Rol '] - three bells;
• Herring - six b., [S'el'd '] - four bells;
• The darkness is six b., [T'emin '] - five bells;
• Chain - four b., [Cep '] - three sv.

Separating soft and hard marks, as a rule, do not affect the difference in the number of letters and sounds. This is explained by the fact that the letters e, e, w, n after b and b denote two phonemes, one of which is [d]. So, in such words, the letters and sounds will remain in equal numbers.

A soft sign influences the difference in the counting of phonemes and graphic signs when placed with after sizzling. In this case, it does not affect the pronunciation and serves to denote the grammatical form of the word:

• Nouns of the 3rd declension: rye [rosh] (four b., Three sic), daughter [dosh] (four b., Three sic), brooch [five b., Four sic];
• Adverbs (except for exceptions: so, married, unbearable): off [pro '] (five b., Four sic.), Wide open [nast'esh] (seven b., Six bells);
• Verbs: help [patch] (six, five, five), do not touch - [trosh '] (five b., Four sic), you will see [paspy'ish] (ten b., Nine sic).

In these words, as we see, there are more letters than sounds.

Practical task number 1

We offer several practical tasks for fixing the material.

1. Do I have to insert ellipsis on the spot? Determine in which words more letters than sounds:

• Glass ... box;
• fifteen;
• bow;
• Sem ... ten;
• Nanny ... chit;
• bridge;
• lamplighter;
• Speech;
• Spot ... honeycombs;
• Fan ... tick.

2. In what words are the letters greater than the sounds?

Moose is chewing grass, branches, bark. He needs to lick the salt. The forester puts the salt head in the forest and puts it on the stump. Here comes the moose licking the salt.

2. Is there a soft sign after sizzling? Determine in which words more letters than sounds:

• Roof edges ...;
• There is a crying ...;
• Unbearable ... proceed;
• got married...;
• Cutting ... bread;
• Forest wilderness ...;
• The air is fresh ...;
• Put ... brick ...;
• Expanses of pastures ...;
• Let it go ...;
• Tension, vision;
• The oak is mighty ...;
• Clouds of clouds ...;
• Go ... for water to the forest key ...;
• Obedient daughter ...;
• Eat ... those kalach ...;
• Razohnesh ... raincoat ...;
• On the bench;
• Намаж ... a sandwich;
• Lily of the valley ... odorous ...;
• Decided ... five tasks ...;
• Open the door ...

Letters E, E, Y, Y

In addition to a soft sign that does not indicate sound, there are letters that serve as graphic signs for two phonemes. It depends on their position in the word. After soft consonants, they denote their palatalization (softening) and do not affect the difference in the number of letters and sounds. Another thing is in other provisions:

• At the beginning of the word: eh [yeel] - two b., Three bells;
• After vowels: a loan [zayom] - four b., Five bells.

Here are examples where there are more sounds than letters. Recall that after b and b, [d] also appears. But this does not affect the difference between the audio and graphic expression of the word.

Practical task number 2

1. Determine in which words the same number of phonemes and their graphic symbols:

• Two-tier pavilion;
• Drove into the entrance;
• A curious monkey;
• Three-story house;
• Pre-examination disturbances;
• Irreparable flaw;
• Bear paws;
• Predjubilee chores;
• Television shooting;
• You drink broth;
• Feathers and feathers;
• A strong blizzard.

2. Find words in which sounds and letters are in different numbers.

Do you think that bird's milk happens? However, this is not outlandish at all. Ordinary pigeons feed their chicks with bird milk. It appears in pigeons in goiter, like a white gruel. He is called even a goiter. Pigeons do not stand out for long - eighteen to twenty days.

Unpronounceable consonants

In addition to the above phonetic phenomena, sounds and letters in different numbers are contained in words with unpronounceable consonants :

• Imperious [vowel] - eight b., Seven bells;
• The sun [sontse] - six b., Five sound;
• Festive [prazn'ich'ny] - eleven b., Ten sound;
• Known [izv'esny] - nine b., Eight bells.

If unpronounceable consonants are present, then these are words where the letters have more sounds.

It must be remembered that the orthogram "unpronounceable consonants" must be checked by a strong position. In some cases, there are no such letters:

• Awful [awful] - seven b. And seven sound;
• Coeval [Rov'esn'ik] - eight b., Eight bells;
• delicious [Focal] - seven b., Seven bells.

Double consonants

There is still such a phenomenon as double and double consonants. If they are present in the word, we will also have a discrepancy between the quantitative composition of sounds and letters, for example:

• Antenna television antenna - seven b., Six sound;
• Friendly collective [kol'ikt'if] - nine b., Eight bells;
• Old yeast [trembling] - six b., Five bells;
• Artificial crystal [kr'istal] - eight b., Seven sf.
• Station [stanzionny] house - eleven b., Ten sound;
• Glass [sticlian] - ten b., Nine sf.

There are more letters in these words than sounds.

Changing sound quality

In words, there is often a simplification in the places of concurrence of consonants. Then instead of a few sounds one is pronounced, which differs in quality from the original ones. For example:

• From the eyes is hidden [concealer] - ten b. And nine sound;
• A great athlete [controversial] - nine b., Eight bells;
• City [garajskoy] resident - nine b., Eight bells.

Practical task number 3

1. Determine in which words more letters than sounds:

• Feel frustrated;
• Participate in competitions;
• An inappropriate question;
• The peer of my parents;
• long eyelashes;
• private person;
• Dangerous age;
• Rainy day;
• Delicious meals;
• A linden alley;
• Quarrel friends;
• Seized territory;
• File an appeal;
• art;
• An appetizing cake.

2. Dictation.

It rained at night, but in the morning the weather was wonderful. Peers and peers marched to school. Everyone had a cheerful mood. Not reaching a little before school, the guys felt a distinct aroma of roses. This bushes blossomed, which graduates planted in May.