Hypomenclural Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What is hypomanstrual syndrome? The etiology of this disease, its symptoms and methods of treatment will be discussed in this article.

basic information

More and more often, representatives of the fair sex are faced with irregular menstruation. And in the conditional risk zone are not only adult women, but also adolescent girls.

As a rule, up to a certain time, no attention is paid to this problem. If there are no menstruation, most women refer to an unfavorable combination of circumstances. However, after a while, such a pathology ceases to be a "cosmetic" defect. With meager, short-term and irregular menstruation, the girls begin to embrace a panicky feeling. In this case, patients immediately begin to suspect the presence of terrible diseases. But most often such gynecological pathology is associated with ovarian hypofunction or adenohypophysis. In other words, the lack of normal menstruation is explained by the lack of sexual hormones in the body, which leads to a disruption in the blood supply to the uterus, as well as changes in the structure of its mucosa, that is, endometrium.

Gynecological diseases

Amenorrhea, hypomenstrual syndrome - is it the same thing? Many patients mistakenly believe that these concepts are identical. However, they have nothing in common.

Amenorrhea refers to the complete absence of menstruation for a long time, and hypomenstrual syndrome is only a violation of the cycle, which has various causes of occurrence. By the way, according to the symptoms, the last pathological phenomenon is divided into the following types:

• Oligomenorea - menstruation lasts no more than two days.
• Hypomenorea - with this pathology the average volume of secretions is not more than 25 ml.
• Bradenomena or oposmenoreya - the interval between the onset of critical days is increased to 6-8 weeks.
• Spaniomenorrhea is called the extreme case of oposomenorrhea. In this case, the duration of the menstrual cycle often reaches 4-6 months.

Causes

Now you know what is hypomanstrual syndrome. According to experts, the development of this disease is explained by hormonal failure of the pituitary gland or ovaries. It should be noted that the very mechanism of development of the hypomenstrual syndrome can trigger completely different factors. Typically, they include the following:

• Various pathologies in the endocrine system;
• Medical and diagnostic manipulations that somehow affected the endometrium (for example, scraping and abortion);
• Problems with the central nervous system, which arose due to nervous overloads, stresses or neuropsychic diseases;
• Diseases of inflammatory origin (for example, tuberculosis lesions of the organs of the reproductive system);
• Severe and significant weight loss (eg, anorexia, malnutrition, inadequate diet, excessive physical exertion);
• anemia;
• Underdevelopment of the organs of the reproductive system, including those arising from a genetic mutation;
• Removal of the uterus surgically;
• Lack of essential vitamins in the human body (hypovitaminosis);
• Intoxication of chronic course (for example, caused by unfavorable environmental conditions, reception of poor quality food, peculiarities of professional activity);
• Impaired metabolism;
• Side effects from improperly selected hormonal contraceptives;
• Breast feeding of the child;
• Trauma of the urogenital system (including those obtained because of a surgical operation);
• Prolonged exposure to ion beams.

Symptoms of the disease

How is hypomenstrual syndrome determined? Symptoms of this pathological phenomenon completely depend on the type of menstrual disorders (eg, oligomenorrhoea, hypomenorrhea, spaniomenorrhea, or opsonenorea).

Experts argue that in order to identify such a disease, it is necessary to pay special attention to the interval between menstruation and their duration.

So, the main signs of the disease considered include the following:

• The color of bloody discharge is dark or light brown;
• Pain in the lower back and chest;
• Headaches of unknown origin;
• Nausea, dyspepsia, constipation;
• nose bleed;
• Uterine cramps are spastic, appearing against a background of strong pain;
• Complete absence or decrease of sexual desire.

These symptoms are only possible clinical manifestations of such a disease as hypomenstrual syndrome. It should be remembered that during the menopause and during puberty, such signs do not indicate any violations, and sometimes even are considered a variant of the norm.

If such manifestations are observed in representatives of the weaker sex of childbearing age, then this may indicate serious disorders of the woman's reproductive system, which requires an early appeal to the gynecologist.

How to diagnose?

As it was said above, if a woman does not have a period, then it is a disease such as amenorrhea. In this case, the hypomenstrum syndrome differs only in a few disorders in the menstrual cycle. However, it should be noted that the methods for detecting such pathological conditions are similar in many respects. Let's consider them in more detail:

• Consultation of a gynecologist. During this conversation, the doctor analyzes the subjective complaints of the patient, and also finds out a detailed anamnesis (gynecological, general and genealogical).
• Initial examination of the patient. During the examination, the gynecologist determines the weight, height and type of the woman's physique, as well as the nature of her fat tissue distribution, the condition of the mammary glands and skin, the presence of somatic abnormalities.
• Standard examination of the patient on a gynecological chair.
• Lab tests. After the examination of the woman, the gynecologist is obliged to prescribe such general clinical tests as urine, coagulogram, blood, RW, glucose level, HbsAg and HIV. The doctor also takes a specific oncocytological smear, determines the type of secretions of pathogenic microflora, the level of progesterone, testosterone, estrogens, TSH, prolactin, FSH and LH. In addition, the patient must pass a urine test to detect 17-ketosteroids in her.
• Diagnosis of the ovaries is functional. During this examination, the gynecologist measures the basal temperature, examines the mucus arborization and conducts hormonal colpocytology.
• Instrumental research provides for the passage of ultrasound of the pelvic organs, hysteroscopy, x-ray of the Turkish saddle and laparoscopy. Also, the patient is determined by the field of view of both eyes and performs diagnostic scraping of the uterine mucosa.

Treatment of hypomenstrual syndrome

Is the disease treatable? Experts argue that normalize the periods of the menstrual cycle with hypomenstrual syndrome will help only a comprehensive approach to therapy. For this purpose doctors appoint:

• A diet with a predominance of proteins, trace elements and vitamins.
• Medicines that improve liver function, including Essential Forte, Gepabene, Karsil, Hofitol, Silibor.
• Vitaminotherapy, which includes the administration of such drugs as pyridoxine hydrochloride, "Rutin", thiamine bromide, vitamin B12, "Aevit", ascorbic acid, "Ferrum-Lek", "Ferroplex", folic acid.
• Hormone therapy, which involves the use of combined estrogen-progesterone drugs, including Ovidon, Non-ovolon, Norinil and Rigevidone.

In addition, such treatment requires the use of chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone (to stimulate the follicles) and "Clomiphene." Also, doctors can prescribe gestagens in the form of "Pregnin", "Utrozhestan", "Organometry", "Norkolut" and "Dyufaston".

It should also be said that hormone therapy may include the use of drugs containing a follicle-stimulating hormone (for example, Gonal-F, Metrodine, Urophollitropine) or gonadotropin (for example, Chorioronin, Prophase, Pregnil "). Also, sometimes, patients are recommended LG and FSH stimulation through drugs such as Pergonal and Pergogrin.

Physiotherapy

In addition to diet and intake of various drugs, treatment of hypomenstrual syndrome may include:

• Electrophoresis of pelvic organs with vitamin B1 or copper salts;
• Amplipulse therapy;
• Galvanization of the cervico-facial or collar zone;
• Inductothermia of the lower abdomen;
• Ultratoterapia with a vaginal or rectal electrode;
• Diadynamic therapy (abdominal-sacral technique);
• Irradiation with a laser (helium-neon) of the iliac regions or vagina.

Massage

When treating hypomenstrual syndrome, gynecological massage is very effective. Implement it must only an experienced specialist, applying a certain technique.

Traditional treatment

Often, folk remedies are used to treat the hypomenstrual syndrome of the patient. To do this, they use herbal preparations, which include rue, fennel, St. John's wort, Goose's goatee, juniper fruits, seeds and parsley root, rose hips, wormwood, bark of the buckthorn, leaves of rosemary and others.