Hypermetropia of medium or high degree, correction of hypermetropia. Low-grade hypermetropia of both eyes

Hypermetropia of both eyes is a very common pathology that can occur at any age. In other words, it is called hyperopia. The disease is characterized by the fact that a person does not see those objects that are close to them. In this case, vision over a long distance remains good (only not at a high degree).

Brief description of the disease

This anomaly is caused by the fact that the eyeball has a short anteroposterior axis, the cornea has a small diameter, and the anterior chamber is also small in size. It should be noted that the lens does not undergo any changes. This structure of the eye leads to the fact that the patient can not clearly see the objects.

The image in the case of hyperopia is projected behind the retina. It should be noted that low-grade hyperopia is observed in almost all newborns. This is due to the fact that the eyeball has not yet reached its normal size and continues to grow. Over time, pathology virtually disappears without any radical intervention. However, it happens that the degree of the disease is very high, and one can not do without a correction of sight, since procrastination can not only worsen vision, but also contribute to the attachment of other problems.

The peculiarity of this disease is that a person can see well without glasses, but this requires a very strong eye strain, which will lead to strabismus, headache and other eye diseases.

Why there is a pathology?

Appears this pathology, not only because the eye is still small. It can have a deformed shape, which is a congenital or acquired defect. Hypermetropia of a mild degree can develop in those people who do not follow the hygiene of the eyes, greatly strain them, constantly work at the computer without rest.

Very strongly on the development of pathology affects heredity, that is, if at least one parent has problems with vision, then the child's risk of developing hyperopia increases. It should also be noted that pathology can develop under the influence of various eye diseases, infectious processes in the body, as a result of trauma or after surgery.

Symptomatology of pathology

Hypermetropia of a mild degree in childhood can be manifested only after a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist. Adult people can already describe their symptoms themselves. These include:

- deterioration of vision near;

- headache;

- high fatigue with eye strain;

- clouding;

- burning and tearing;

- redness of the eyes;

- deterioration of vision during darkness;

- poor performance at school, reduced work capacity.

How is the disease diagnosed?

Hypermetropia of a weak degree is determined only after a visit to the doctor. Independently to make the diagnosis, and even more so to be treated it is not necessary. The ophthalmologist uses different methods and equipment. In addition, you must drip into the eye a special drug that will dilate the pupils. The fact is that in this situation the refraction of the eye will be as accurate as possible, because the lens relaxes. Further visit to the doctor is made every six months or a year (depending on the indications).

Most often, low-grade hypermetropia of both eyes is diagnosed. To determine the degree of development of pathology, the ultrasound of the bottom of the eyeball is used , which helps to accurately determine its size. In addition, computer methods are often notable, which can establish how much the refraction of the lens is violated.

Degrees of development of pathology

This disease can develop. There are several degrees of pathology:

- Weak (up to 2 diopters). In this case, the patient feels burning and itching in the eyes, quickly becomes tired, his vision diffuses, and he can not enter small letters when reading.

- Average (up to 5 diopters). This degree implies more pronounced symptoms of pathology. In addition, a person can see well in the distance, although objects at close range are difficult for him to see.

- Heavy (above 5 diopters). Its peculiarity is that the symptoms are expressed as brightly as possible. In addition, in this case, the patient equally badly sees both at close and long distances.

Low-grade hypermetropia in children and in elderly people is also highlighted. And in both cases it can be acquired. In old age, visual acuity begins to decline, because eye muscles lose their elasticity, and the eye receives less nutrition.

Features of the development of the disease in children

It should be noted that in order to protect the child's vision from deterioration, it is necessary to diagnose the pathology in time and begin its correction. If an adult can independently consult a doctor and describe the symptoms, then the baby can not explain this, so the doctor uses special equipment to determine the disease and the degree of its development.

I must say that in children this pathology is much more complicated. This is due to the fact that the eye has not yet grown sufficiently. In this case, the baby can see badly and far, and close. All the conditions presented can lead to disastrous consequences, such as:

- rapid development of amblyopia;

- severe visual impairment, which will be difficult to correct;

- abnormal development of eye neurons due to lack of stimulus, and this is already a serious problem that can not always be eliminated even by surgical intervention;

- poor functioning of visual cells of the cerebral cortex.

Correction and traditional treatment of the disease

Hypermetropia of the middle degree, like all other forms of this pathology, needs correction. In principle, the only non-radical method to do this is wearing glasses or contact lenses. They are assigned to work with objects at close range or for reading. However, if the degree of the disease is high, then you need to wear glasses constantly.

Teens can be offered to use contact lenses. In addition, the patient should receive therapeutic treatment, and, if possible, magnetotherapy, vacuum massage, electrostimulation, computer-based auto-training. Thanks to these procedures, the metabolic processes in the eyeball improve, and the spasm of accommodation is removed. It is desirable that all treatment of children is carried out in a game form.

Correction of hypermetropia can also be carried out with night lenses, which can correct the wrong shape of the cornea. If vision is impaired in both eyes, then the patient can be offered combined glasses - they can have double lenses. Moreover, they may have a different advantage, depending on the degree of disease in each eye.

Gymnastics for correction of hyperopia

To eliminate or reduce the manifestation of pathology can be through special exercises. To do this, you need to take a comfortable sitting position, put your hands on your knees. Now we perform such exercises:

- We direct the eyes as far as possible to the left and down, while try not to blink until you have tears, now you can blink;

- we make the same movements, only this time we look at the right lower side;

- Now you can blink and look at the bridge of your nose;

- The last exercise involves the direction of vision on the tip of the nose.

It should be noted that such gymnastics only helps with mild disease.

Operative and laser treatment of hyperopia

Hypermetropia of a high degree for many years of correction may not be amenable to complete elimination. In this case, you have the opportunity to undergo laser or surgical treatment. Naturally, it is not recommended for children to do this until the eye stops growing (about 18 years). However, even if then you still want to have surgery, then you should not have any contraindications.

The most effective radical treatment is laser therapy. However, it is quite expensive. Its advantage is the speed of the procedure, safety and absence of a rehabilitation period. That is, after such an operation you can perfectly see after 10 minutes.

Usually, doctors make a correction or replacement of the lens, the installation of a positive lens implant. Before such intervention, the doctor must be sure that the patient is able to transfer manipulations without the slightest harm to his health. Therefore, before a surgical or laser operation a person undergoes a complete examination.

In any case, this pathology can be treated, and the earlier you start it, the higher the probability of complete recovery.