The eye-bottom is a mirror of dangerous diseases

The ocular bottom is the inner surface of the eyeball, which is visible during ophthalmoscopy.

Ophthalmoscopy is an examination of the fundus under special illumination and an increase of 4-16 times. For this, there are ophthalmoscopes - special devices that are hand-held and hardware. They can show the eye bottom in a straight or inverted image. And the ophthalmoscopy is classified by the same sign for direct and reverse. To get the full picture, the eye bottom is inspected in various types of illumination: red, red, yellow, blue, etc.

It is best to conduct ophthalmoscopy with an enlarged, dilated pupil. To do this, immediately before the procedure, the patient is instilled with special medications (often atropine). But, if there is a suspicion of glaucoma, the pupil is not dilated to not increase the intraocular pressure.

The usual procedure shows that the fundus is red, the intensity of which depends on the content of the corresponding pigments (retinal and choroidal) in the retina and choroid.

On the surface of the fundus, such elements are clearly visible:

- the disc of the optic nerve (pale pink circle or oval with a small depression in the central part - a vascular funnel, located on the retina, a little inside).

- the central arteries and veins of the retina (coming out of the disc, divided into upper and lower branches, then into smaller branches, while the arteries are lighter and straight, and the veins are dark and branched).

- retina yellow spot (located on the outer pole of the retina, the color is denser and darker than the nerve, in shape resembles an oval, in the center of which there is a dark dimple).

Checking the eye day allows you to identify certain pathological processes. They can occur due to damage to the optic nerve or the eye itself, as well as due to increased intracranial pressure (arterial hypertension), diabetes mellitus, heart failure, hereditary diseases, various kinds of poisoning.

The most common pathologies of the fundus:

- stagnant processes in the disk - occurs with various circulatory disorders, most often with hypertension.

- pale disc - signals the presence of atrophic processes

- a tumor in any part of the retina.

- pathological development of the optic nerve.

- Retinal pathology: a violation of blood flow, inflammation, turbidity, dystrophy, hemorrhage, etc.

- pathology of the choroid: sclerosis, tumors, dystrophy, inflammation.

- pathology due to radiculitis or osteochondrosis.

Ophthalmoscopy is performed by an ophthalmologist, and diagnoses are put together with a neuropathologist or a neurosurgeon.

Why conduct ophthalmoscopy

Checking the fundus allows you to accurately diagnose with various visual impairments. The ophthalmologist examines the general condition of the retina, finds the causes of visual impairment and can make a prediction - will there be progression in the disease. In addition, the condition of the eye day gives information on the state of the vessels, the presence of spasms, the peculiarities of the blood supply to the brain. This information is necessary for neuropathologists to detect increased intracranial pressure and other problems associated with blood vessels.

With the help of ophthalmoscopy, doctors can detect dangerous tumors in time. In this case, an additional consultation is assigned to the neurosurgeon so that he can determine the methods of treatment and the need for the operation.

In any case, if visual acuity worsens, white flies or dark dots fly before my eyes, the review is narrowed, then it is necessary not to waste time, but to seek help. The earlier the causes of the disease are identified and the treatment is prescribed, the greater the chance of a full recovery.