Human and civil rights and freedoms

From the moment of its birth, every person, regardless of citizenship, nationality, race or gender, has basic rights. As one grows up and introduces into the social society, the individual increases the scope of rights, freedoms, as well as duties in relation to the surrounding society and people.

For the first time, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are mentioned in the French "Declaration of Rights" adopted in the distant 1789, although the idea itself has a longer history, the earliest references to the fundamental privileges of the individual date back to 1215 (the year of the adoption of the British Charter of Liberty).

The most recent document and the most significant for most countries was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

If we consider the issue in the context of an individual state, the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the Russian Federation, for example, are fixed and respected by the Constitution of the country.

The Constitution subdivided all legal privileges and freedoms of citizens of the country into separate groups that cover all the main spheres of human life:

• Personal rights and freedoms;
• Political;
• Socio-economic rights;
• Cultural.

Personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen are of primary importance.

To date, this group is given special attention, since the state policy is aimed at the good of the people, while in the Constitution of the Soviet Union the most important place was given to the economic stability of the country and its guarantees.

Personal rights belong to every person from the moment of his birth and have no attachment to nationality or citizenship, they are inalienable.

The second chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation enumerated and consolidated the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen related to his personality:

1. The right to life and protection of health implies the impossibility of depriving any person of life with impunity. The confirmation of this norm was reflected not only in the issuance of various penalties, but also in the prohibition of the death penalty, although it can be appointed as a punishment in exceptional cases.
2. The right to protect and protect the dignity of the individual implies that no person should be subjected to torture or any other form of violence or punishment that may degrade the person. This category includes not only physical punishment, but oral statements in the form of slander and insult.
3. The right to inviolability implies the inadmissibility of unlawful deprivation of liberty or property.

The law provides for only the restriction of freedom as a sanction for unlawful actions, and restriction is possible only after a trial or investigation.

The Constitution enshrines such rights as inviolability and protection of private life, protection of honor and its good name, personal and family secrets. In connection with these fixed norms, illegal collection, storage and dissemination of any information relating to private life is prohibited without the consent of a person.

Equally important personal right is the right of free movement, which provides for free movement not only across the country, but also beyond its borders. Including it provides for an unlimited choice of places of residence, both on the territory of the country and outside it.

The rights and freedoms of man and citizen from ancient times are an unshakable value, for which the people and many rulers have fought for a long time and stubbornly. To date, the rights system has been formed in such a way that all the basic human values are protected by law, and active measures are being taken to expand the means for their strict observance.