Causes of heart murmur in the child, symptoms

The heart is the most important organ in the body. It is from his uninterrupted work that all the processes in the human body depend. Therefore, any deviation in his work immediately causes concern and anxiety. The phrase "noises in the heart" sometimes very much frightens people. But in fact, this is not always a cause for concern. To establish the reasons of noises in heart at the child the cardiologist can and only after US and an electrocardiogram. Therefore, before the time you should not panic.

Noises in the heart can occur at any age, and it happens quite often. The statistics show that of the three kids (under the age of three years), one is observed by a specialist with such a deviation. But do not be scared at once, this is not always a symptom of heart disease. In addition, the causes of heart murmurs in a child may be related to the fact that his body is not yet fully formed.

Kinds of noise in the heart

Noises in the heart are divided into two main types:

• Organic - in the cardiovascular system pathology is possible;
• Functional - in the heart and large vessels there are no defects or serious changes.

Modern diagnostic technologies have proved that any noise always has one or another anatomical reason. Thus, it turns out that they are all organic. And it is more correct to divide them into pathological and so-called innocent. The latter arise with minor anatomical features of the structure of the heart, which do not have a serious effect on the work of the organ and do not violate the blood flow. Healthy children may be affected if anemia is present or during a period of active growth (first year of life, 4-6 years, transitional age 12-14), and in a number of other cases.

This phenomenon can occur suddenly, but can diagnose heart murmurs in the child at birth. Causes of 7 years later can gradually come to naught - it happens and such. That is, after a while, all the noises in the heart can stop on their own.

Innocent and pathological noises

Innocent include noise generated by the presence of additional chords in the heart, located abnormally.

In addition, they can arise due to:

• Rapid growth of the child (the heart just does not keep up with the rapid development);
• Increased flexibility of the child (heart valves easily bend);
• Low hemoglobin;
• Anatomical features of the structure of internal organs;
• Presence of a small heart anomaly;
• Infectious diseases - frequent causes of heart murmurs in children.

Pathological noise is accompanied by such symptoms as cyanosis of the liver, cyanosis of fingers and nails, frequent breathing.

Causes of heart murmurs in children under one year of age

Such a phenomenon in such a crumb always terrifies parents. And this is completely justified, since before the full survey there is no way to give the first forecast.

The causes of heart murmurs in children at this age can be very different. In most cases, it is connected with the fact that the body passes from the intrauterine circulation to the normal, extrauterine. Arterial vessels of the fetus carry mixed blood. This is due to the peculiarities of the cardiovascular system.

Mixed blood formation

Three anatomical formations create mixed blood.

1. Arterial (or Batalov) duct. It connects the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
   between themselves. Usually it stops working after about two weeks, but in some cases it continues to function for up to two months. If EchoCG showed that after this period the duct continues to function, then this is evidence of the presence of congenital heart disease.
2. The oval window is located in the interatrial septum. After the first month, it should close, as the pressure in the left atrium increases. However, if this does not happen, then do not worry. His closure may occur and a year or two after birth. An open oval window can rarely lead to hemodynamic disturbances. Noises in the heart because of the uncovered oval window are considered harmless.
3. The venous duct connects the portal vein and the inferior vena cava. This duct disappears some time after birth, transforming into a connective tissue. This is due to the fall of its walls. With extrauterine development is extremely rare, which excludes him as the cause of congenital heart disease.

The first ECG

The first ECG to the baby is done after the first month of life. This makes it possible to differentiate the noises in the heart. In case of suspicion of serious pathology is sent to EchoCG.

In general, doctors quite often on examination in the first month of life say that there are noises in the heart of a child. Causes, Komarovsky EO Argues, may be absent. This is quite normal for a baby of this age.

Excluding the innocent noises of an open oval window, you can focus on the pathological. They carry a serious danger. Can take place:

1. Stenosis of the pulmonary artery.
2. Open the arterial duct.
3. Defect of interventricular septum.
4. Coarctation of the aorta and other heart defects.

All these diseases have a severe symptomatology, which allows them to be diagnosed in the first month of life. If the vice has a pronounced degree, then the treatment is possible only surgically.

Noises in two years

The causes of heart murmurs in a child of 2 years in most cases are due to a transferred illness. Functional do not pose a serious danger and are extremely rare. But still, when they arise, it is worth doing an ECG to make sure that these were not noises in the heart of the child. The reasons that persecuted the child for 10 years may disappear, as the body continues to develop.

Approximately up to 10-12 years, the children's pulmonary artery is wider than the aorta. After a while their lumens become identical, and sexual maturation establishes the opposite relationship.

At 10 years, heart murmurs have the same symptoms as clinical manifestations of heart disease. It is necessary to pay attention to possible complaints of children for pain in the heart, interruptions in his work, possible fainting.

Anatomical and physiological features of children's cardiovascular system

The second week of intrauterine development is associated with heart filling: two independent heart buds connect after a while into a single tube that is located in the cervical region. Placental circulation begins to be established at the end of the second month of pregnancy and remains until the birth of the child.

As mentioned earlier, the cardiovascular system of the fetus has three formations: arterial and venous duct and oval aperture. They are needed in order to discard excess blood. Thus, the heart is assisted, since there is no breathing and the pressure is low.

The blood flow does not mix completely in the right atrium. This is due to the fact that the blood, passing along the inferior vena cava, passes into the left atrium through the oval window, and from there to the left ventricle. At the same time, the blood from the superior vena cava goes in the opposite direction: into the right ventricle through the right atrium.

Born, the baby spreads the lungs and fills them with blood, while the fetal blood lines close. From this moment the child has an extrauterine blood circulation, which means that the small and large circles of blood circulation now function. The oval window valve closes due to increased pressure in the left atrium (this is due to the intake of large amounts of blood). The arterial duct closes under the influence of nervous, torsion and muscle factors.

Caring for the future

In order not to worry that there may be any causes of noise in the heart of a child, all pregnant women need to take care of their child's health even at the very beginning of pregnancy. It is worth to give up smoking and alcohol. A pregnant woman should watch over her health, get all the necessary vitamins. This is well promoted by healthy and nutritious food, as well as walking in the fresh air.

In 90% of cases, heart disease can be diagnosed even in utero. At the birth of the baby immediately inspect and listen to his heart. If there is a need, a follow-up examination is carried out in the near future to reveal congenital pathologies.

The causes of heart murmur in the child should be identified at first. Doctors do not advise to miss planned examinations. In time carried out ultrasound of the heart and abdominal organs can indicate the heart murmur in the child. The reasons are easier to start to eliminate immediately, than to delay this process.

An important trip to the cardiologist

The causes of heart murmurs in children are always better to check with a cardiologist. The examination will either exclude a serious pathology, or the doctor will prescribe the necessary course of treatment. Observed at the cardiologist and following his prescriptions, after some child can get rid of noise.

In addition, it is important to constantly monitor the baby. A number of serious, dangerous symptoms can alert: frequent catarrhal diseases, shortness of breath, developmental lag, shortness of breath, cyanosis of the skin (nasolabial triangle), etc. Never give up serious treatment. Surgery can prevent adverse effects.

Helping a child

Fortunately, as the child grows noises in the heart, the reasons for this are passing. It is necessary for a child to always ensure the correct regime, adequate nutrition (especially a child needs proteins) and sufficient sleep. The diet should also include fresh vegetables and fruits.

The cardiologist at the reception should explain what degree of physical activity is right for your child. It is impossible to deprive the child of the movement, it always gives vitality. Moderate physical exertion will train the body and heart.

If the heart disease does occur, it is best not to postpone the operation. The sooner you can help the child, the sooner he will recover. However, surgical intervention is necessary only in serious cases. If the disease is poorly expressed, then it is possible that there will be enough and medical therapy.