How to write "not" with different parts of speech

How a "not" particle is written with different parts of speech depends on the very part of the speech, on the context in which the word with the "not" word is used. Consider the basic rules of writing "not" with different parts of speech. Independent parts of speech, with which a negative particle "not" can be merged or separated separately, these are the names Nouns, adjectives, the verb and its special forms - participle, gerund, adverb, pronoun, numeral.

"Not" with different parts of speech:

With concrete nouns (one of the categories of nouns, an expression of objects and phenomena of real life), the particle "not" is always written separately (for example: not a book, not an elephant, not tea, not a train). With abstract nouns (one of the categories of nouns, expresses abstract concepts), "not" can write separately and together. The merging of such nouns is peculiar to words that we can not use without "not" (loser, malfunctioning), and also words that can be replaced by a synonym, phrase or synonymic series (misfortune is trouble, enemy is enemy). We will separately write nouns in sentences where there is an opposition in the form of a union "a" or a denial expressed by the words "not at all, not at all, not at all".

The same applies to adjectives. Hence, the relative and possessive adjectives (categories of adjectives, denote the attribution of the adjective to the subject or attribute-relative, and the belonging of the object to the person-possessive), similarly to specific nouns, are written separately with "not." And the rules for writing qualitative adjectives do not differ from writing abstract nouns with "not." As it is easy to see, the rules for writing "not" with different parts of speech in many ways have similar features. Therefore, you can group those parts of speech whose rules coincide.

Verbs in their main mass are written separately from "not." The merged spelling of "not" with verbs is due to the fact that the latter without "no" is not used (indignant, dislike). And also in some cases the verbs with the prefix "nedo" can be written together. This writing depends on the semantic load of the prefix "under".

Since the gerund is close to the verb, the rules for their spelling with "no" do not differ. But writing "not" with participles (another special form of the verb) on the one hand correlates everything with the same verb, and on the other hand it seems like the rules for writing a negative particle with adjectives. That is, the sacrament will be written together with "not" if it can be replaced by a synonym or because it is not consumed without a particle, and separately if it has an opposition or a dependent word. The short form of the sacrament is always written separately with the particle "not".

Numbers with a particle "not" are written only Separately (not five, not the second). The same applies to pronouns (not such, not to anything), where exceptions are only vague (some, several) and negative pronouns (there is nobody, there is nowhere with an accent on the first syllable).

An adverb, which can be replaced by a synonym, should be written together with "not." And also, as it is easy to guess, if an adverb can not be used independently without "not", then we can not write it separately. But the presence in the proposal of an adversive union "a", gives us an excuse to write an adverb separately from the particle. Adverbs ending in -e, -o, as well as adverbs that are in comparative degree, in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian language , are also written separately from "not."

"Not" with different parts of speech. Examples:

Not far away, but close (an adverb with an adversarial union of "a")

Disrespectful (gerund, without "not" is not used)

Do not dry clothes (communion with a dependent word)

Not listening (gir.).

Thus, in order to correctly write "not" with different parts of speech, it is required to find out which part of the speech the given word belongs to and, guided by the rule, make a decision about the merged or separate spelling.