How to raise a plot in the country with their own hands. Filling of the plot for construction and garden

Today, suburban construction is developing more and more intensively, this issue is becoming urgent, as is the acquisition of land for the construction of cottages or summer cottages. But often it turns out that in case of insufficient study of the terrain, the owners face a problem that is expressed in the location of the site on two levels. This may entail problems of erection of structures and arrangement of the territory. However, it is possible to fight such a nuisance, and before starting work it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the most popular methods of solving the problem.

Variety of plots

Before you will be piling up the plot for construction, you need to familiarize yourself with the main types of sites, they can differ in geological features and terrain. Among them, it should be noted:

• Areas above sea level;
• Plots below sea level;
• Plots below ground level;
• Areas above ground level.

When it comes to sites that are above sea level, you should remember that before you is the territory that is located in a mountainous area or on a hill. This causes a greater volume of precipitation and a low average annual temperature. Soils are podzolic, sandy or clayey in these cases, but sometimes podzolic chernozems or carbonate soils can be found. The relief of such a site is flat or hilly. In the latter case, there is no way to do it without lifting, while considerable depressions must be eliminated.

Features of work in the area below sea level

Before you raise the level of the site, you must determine what territory you are in. It can be located below sea level and characterized by considerable swampiness. In some cases, solonchaks form in the territory, but soils and muddy and fertile soils are not so rare. For this reason, experts do not recommend immediately to refuse to purchase such a territory, but it is necessary to raise the level to exclude flooding of the foundation of buildings and provide suitable conditions for growing garden and garden crops.

Features of work in the area below ground level

Before you raise the site yourself, you must investigate it. It can be located below ground level. The ascent in this case is mandatory, as the territory is in the lowland, and water from neighboring areas will drain into it. You may face erosion of the soil and a decrease in the life of buildings. A harmful effect can be exerted by a high level of groundwater. It also happens that the land is located above the ground level. Such territories, at first glance, are not deficient, but uneven terrain can create difficulties in the processing of soil and in the care of the garden. Among other things, moving around such a territory is problematic enough. Elevation of the level of the site is required to smooth the irregularities.

The need for an expansion of the territory

Before you raise the plot in the country, you should familiarize yourself with the factors that indicate the need for such work. If the difference in levels is not so pronounced, then you may have a desire to save yourself by engaging in upgrading without raising the level. But there are several cases where experts advise to think about these manipulations. Among them, it should be noted the near location of groundwater, the presence of pronounced depressions and elevations, the location of neighboring areas is much higher.

If the groundwater is close to the surface, then this can cause waterlogging, the top layer is usually washed out. If there are depressions and elevations on the territory, construction may be difficult, this also applies to landscaping, for example, installation of street lamps, planting flowers or vegetable crops. If the neighboring sections are higher, it will mean that heavy rains and floods have caused regular stagnation of water.

Ways to solve the problem

If you are thinking about the question of how to raise a plot in the country, you should consider the most popular ways of doing such work. In practice, it turns out that there are not so many such technologies, but all of them have proven themselves from the best side. Their difference lies in the fact that the method is selected depending on the height at which it is necessary to raise the territory. If the figure is not more than 30 cm, then it is best to use taken from the hills or imported land. Additional compaction is carried out by a plate compactor, and a previously extracted fertile layer of soil is laid on top.

If the above parameter is more than 30 cm, then it is best to use planning mixes, which are prepared by the method of joining gravel with sand. Lay the material with layers, between which are placed fertilizers, on top is a fertile layer of soil, without which the cultivation of plants will be impossible. Before you raise the plot in the country, you should think about whether it will have a lawn. In this case, the situation should be approached with special attention. If there is water on the lawn, then before raising the soil, you need to make sure that there is no clayey layer inside. Otherwise, the operation will not achieve a positive result, even if the groundwater is deep.

If you are convinced of the presence of clay, then it should be disposed of, replacing it with sand. On top of the chernozem, then the moisture will go away more efficiently. If the road is above the area where the lawn is located, and this causes flooding of the site, it is best to raise the level with a porous soil. They can make river sand.

Solving the problem of erosion

In order to avoid erosion of the soil, the lawn is protected by a concrete fence whose height is from 3 to 4 cm. But the depth of installation of this structure in the ground should not exceed 20 cm. If you determined that underground waters lie at a depth ranging from 1 to 2 m, then you should take care of the presence of a drainage system. In addition, a sandy or earthen layer is poured into the area where the lawn is planted.

Preparatory work

If you are going to land the site, then at the first stage you need to perform the preparatory work. To do this, the terrain of the territory should be well studied, which will determine the type of soil and the depth of the location of groundwater. It is also important to know how closely the water bodies are located. It is useful to observe adjacent sites, they can excavate excavations for the foundation of the house, lay drainage systems or dig pits for fence posts. This way you can determine the depth of the water in the well. It is important to know in which direction the water flows, and where it stagnates and forms a marshy terrain. After orientation on the terrain, you should clean the area, removing it from the roots of trees, weeds and debris. It is advisable to allow the soil to settle for a week, but this is true if the weather is dry.

Preparation of tools

If you are thinking about how to raise a plot in the country, then the next step is to prepare tools, among them:

• Shovels;
• hose;
• Buckets;
• Crushed stone;
• gravel;
• Plate compactor;
• yardstick;
• cord;
• rake;
• sand;
• water;
• cement;
• Hydrostatic level;
• concrete mixer.

And in order to turn the territory into a flat surface, which has a slight slope of 3 cm per meter, you need to perform the following operations. First, the fertile layer is removed, it is necessary to go deeper than this by a maximum of 20 cm. The soil is stacked separately until the work is completed. If the leveling is carried out locally, then across the perimeter you need to install wooden pegs, between them should be expressed a two-meter distance. A string is stretched between them, which will allow you to adjust the soil level, removing or adding soil between the pegs.

For the height to be uniform, it is controlled with a level. Dumping of the site should involve filling the cavities with a slurry or clay. If the level differences are sufficiently large, then construction waste can be placed in pits. The further actions will depend on the thickness of the layer that you want to add to raise the level. If the latter needs to be raised to a height of not more than 30 cm, then land is landed on the site and laid in layers, their thickness can vary from 5 to 10 cm.

After the completion of the laying of one layer, it is compacted with a vibration plate, poured in water and left for 24 hours. Then you can start laying the next layer. The procedure is repeated until the desired height can be achieved. It is important to take into account the thickness of the previously removed layer, which is returned to the place.

Recommendations of a specialist

The ground is poured into the area in the form of a sandy-gravel mixture if the relief is far from an ideally flat surface and the level difference is more than 30 cm. The algorithm remains the same, the thickness of the layer should be approximately 5 cm. In the middle of each one it is recommended to lay fertilizers, Which are a peat mixture. The layer, which consists of gravel and sand, is rammed and left for 24 hours. At the final stage, the height of the layers of the earth or mixture should be higher than the required level, this is due to the fact that the soil shrinks. Its term will depend on the amount of precipitation, the thickness of the layers and many other factors.

Aligning large areas

The marshy area of a large area can be leveled using special equipment. At the first stage, the fertile layer is removed, high hillocks are cut off and depressions are filled. With the help of the bulldozer, it will be possible to perform leveling of the territory with a complex relief, where there are stream channels, ravines and hills. The plot is plowed twice in the next stage, it is necessary to move in this case in longitudinal and transverse directions, after that the territory is cultivated with a cultivator, also two times. The next step will be sealing, for this use a barrel with water. At the final stage, seeds of lawn grass are sown, which are sprinkled with earth. You can also raise the area with sand by the same technology. Its surface is rolled again by a barrel. Excellent results can be achieved through the arrangement of the drainage system, it can exclude flooding of the site, for this purpose trenches are digged along the perimeter, the slope of which should be about 4 cm per meter.

Why not use crushed stone

Filling the site with rubble though it is made, but it is rather rare. This is due to the fact that this building material is relatively expensive. Its cost is approximately 3 times higher compared to sand and 5 times more expensive than construction waste. If you compare prices with prices for soil and chernozem, the crushed stone will cost 2 times more than any of these materials. Despite the fact that when using crushed stone there are certain advantages, most owners of suburban real estate prefer to use sand or soil.

The cost of sand

Sand, the price of which is 250-380 rubles. For a cubic meter, is also quite often used for pouring. However, it is not suitable for landscaping the site, this must be taken into account even before the beginning of the work, because they will be labor-intensive and voluminous, but can subsequently become an obstacle to planting of cultivated plants.

Conclusion

Dumping of the territory can be carried out not only by sand and soil, but also by chips, as well as by bark. In terms of originality, these materials are the best, but they can not always be called practical. If the whole area is covered with chips or bark, then this technology can not be called correct. Sometimes the soil is laid on top of the bark, but in this case the crust may start rotting, and within the soil these processes will go faster at all. In this case, the upper fertile layer will become suitable for planting plants only after a few years, when the crust completely rotates in the layer. Therefore, these alternative solutions, like sand, whose price is high enough, can not always be called suitable.