How to make a homemade homemade forging?

In the modern world, forged products are very popular. They can be found everywhere. For example, thanks to them the fireplaces acquire a more original look, the flower stands become an excellent decoration of the room, the forged stairs make the house look like a castle. And the most interesting thing is that you can do all this yourself with the help of a homemade horn. Its various modifications differ only in the type of fuel used. The remaining differences do not have a significant significance.

The need to get high temperatures at home (over a thousand degrees Celsius) for forging metal leads the craftsmen to the idea of assembling a homemade homemade hob. If you have a great desire and do everything according to the instructions, then no problems should arise.

In the smithies it is used for heating the metal before heat treatment and can have the following forms:

• Stationary;
• Portable;
• Mobile.

To date, the classic designs involve the use of coal or firewood as fuel, but a homemade forging hammer can be gas. As practice shows, the most economical fuel is coal, which must be treated before use.

Basic Parts

The mechanism of the forge is quite simple. According to the design, the hearth resembles a furnace with three partitions and one open side. Its main function is to maintain the highest possible temperature inside.

The device of the furnace of own assembly differs little from production adaptations.

The classical design should have:

• Refractory table;
• Hearth with grate;
• Camera device;
• umbrella;
• Air chamber, vent and drainage;
• chimney;
• Quenching bath;
• Hole for feeding blanks;
• Air supply duct for oxygen supply;
• Gas-air chamber;
• The crucible is removable.

How the device works

Before you build a forge horn, you need to determine its type. The closed horn has a chamber for heating the workpiece. This model is considered the most economical in fuel costs. But in this case, the workpieces are limited in size.

In the forge open-type forge, fuel is poured from above on the grate, and a stream of air is fed from below. The preheated billet is put on fuel. This allows you to heat billets of large sizes.

To be able to build a homemade homemade without losing its quality of work and at the same time save money, you need to understand the principle of its functioning. The device is based on a significant increase in temperature due to the chemical method of burning carbon.

This process gives a high energy output and has been used for many different metals for many years. To make the cupola not allow the material to burn, it should be fed into it a little less than it needs for complete oxidation, otherwise the products will be too brittle, and accordingly, they will only last a few years.

Gas horn

This kind of hearth do at home is not easy. Homemade forge horn will function perfectly and on gas, but to take for this is only propane, butane or purified monogas. Domestic blue fuel is not suitable for use in the frypot, since it has both saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons in the composition, which leads to uneven heat release.

Also, household gas contains particles of silicon, sulfur and phosphorus, which can adversely affect the metal. For example, sulfur only spoils the steel on contact, changing its operational advantages in the shortcomings. And this can lead to significant financial losses.

Taking into account the above, homemade gas forging for forging can work on household gas only under condition of its preliminary purification from sulfur. For this, the gas must be passed through a container with naphthalene, which will take all unnecessary into itself. It is also desirable to forge on blue fuel only decorative elements, rather than parts that will later be subjected to heavy loads.

Materials for manufacturing

As a rule, the homemade homemade differs from the industrial variant with a great saving on materials. That is why for its lining it is possible to use chamotte brick, rather than quartz, freely. It will last for a long time, because at home you do not need to use the device daily. And the cost of making the furnace will be significantly reduced.

Assignment of components

The main working element of the cupola is a lance, consisting of:

• The air chamber;
• Firewood;
• Grate;
• Feeding tube;
• Drainage;
• Valve.

At home, all this is collected in a single, non-separable design, mounted on the table. The grate can in this case be a perforated circular hole. Drainage in the structure is simply necessary to control the supply of oxygen to the workpiece.

The gases are removed by the means of the chimney, the umbrella and the chamber of the furnace. Since the tent windows are always in the open state, the homemade homemade must be provided with the maximum draft of the chimney.

Depending on the type of forged material, it is possible not to equip a gas-air cell and a quench tank in the stoker. Also, the crucible is used only for forging precious or non-ferrous alloys. It is a heat-resistant hood, which at home is added to a dry fireclay brick.

Rules of firebox

Optimal fuel is small coke, which, although it costs more than ordinary coal, is used to work in minimal quantities. Since a high temperature is necessary for its ignition, the homemade horn for the forge must be pre-melted with firewood. Only after burning the main fuel into the hearth is introduced the workpiece for ripening, reducing the blast.

To the horn properly worked on ordinary coal, it must first be fired to complete evaporation of coke oven gas, which will become clear by changing the color of the flame. Usually such fuel is used to make large original products.

To forge the houses of a figure from Damascus, it is necessary to use charcoal for the furnace , but this fuel requires jewelry work, because it instantly responds to inflation and quickly burns out.

It is also possible to use ordinary firewood for deciduous trees for firewood, but pre-burning them in the shell to completely prevent the metal from getting burnt chips. This method of extracting heat is considered the most economical.

Mini version

Before you make a homemade horn, you need to determine the optimal size of the future design. For the manufacture in the home of small decorative elements made of steel or melting of precious stones, a miniature construction of six fireclay bricks is enough.

The bar and shelves for it in this case are made of steel strips and pipes. As the main fuel in this version, ordinary coal or coke is used, which should be ignited with a blowtorch or burner (gas, benzo-air). Work on such a device can only be in the open air, and a homemade gas burner for a furnace, like a blowtorch, should be protected from the main source by an asbestos partition with a hole for the passage of the flame. In addition, with the help of this horn, you can make small items.

Individual design

Stationary models of the hearth should be manufactured taking into account the anthropometric data of the master. This is necessary to ensure maximum comfort during forging, because a red-hot piece of iron weighing several kilograms is a serious danger for the master and others. The most important thing in the process of work is to provide yourself with maximum safety and comfort.

To properly determine the size of the workplace, you need the help of a second person. So, the height is measured from the floor to the elbow of the master, whose hand is in a relaxed position, and the legs are shoulder-width apart. To the resulting figure, you need to add another 5 cm, which will be the optimal height for the workplace.

The shape of the table is best square for the work of one master, for activities with an assistant you can make a rectangular one. In the case of a square shape, the length of the side is determined by determining the diagonal. To do this, the assistant needs to measure the length from the master's abdomen to the end of the largest mites in the outstretched arm. To the resulting number, add another 10 cm and get half the diagonal. Further, if desired, you can simply multiply the result by 1.414 or determine the length of the entire diagonal and solve the equation from the school program C ² = a ² + a ² , where C is the diagonal obtained and a is the side of the table.

Sequence of processes

The first thing is going to the frame of a table with a grate in the center. It is important to make it from a single sheet of metal with crossed dents to accumulate carbon deposits and ensure the uniformity of air distribution. After this, an air receiver with a retractable flap is assembled at the bottom of the table. The air nozzle can be used from an old car oven.

Portable hearth

This model is the easiest to use. Collect it can be used as a basis for a goose bass. For this, a car snail or a fan from a handheld siren can be supercharged, which will distribute air through the tube with holes to the center of the tank. Its sides are finished with a lining of chamotte sand and marl. The advantage of this design is more possibilities than the mini-horn and the ability to move, in contrast to a stationary table. The master is not attached to the place of activity and can safely travel to various part-time jobs.

Among the shortcomings:

• There is no possibility to disassemble for cleaning;
• Low operating temperature;
• High fuel consumption;
• Work only on coke or charcoal.

Foot drive

Previously, these structures were used to forge horseshoes to horses during the campaigns of troops. The horn for this was used mobile and more convenient, since both hands of the master were free to work with the product. This was provided by a crank mechanism, which was activated by pressing the foot pedal.

A modern version of such a hearth can be assembled at home from a sewing machine.

Conclusion

The home-made furnace, a burner for a furnace, possible fuels for work and other features of forging metals at home have been described in detail above. It is important to remember that self-made construction is not capable of completely replacing professional equipment, therefore it is not suitable for all types of work and metal.

Blacksmith forges - now quite a popular phenomenon, despite the huge market of things that are easier to buy than to do. However, if there is a desire, then you can make a device at home with the help of improvised tools. Thanks to a small smithy, it will be possible to create unique steel products that can be used to decorate private yards.

In fact, to assemble a bugle with your own hands from improvised materials is easy. The most important thing is to follow the instructions, have the tool, observe the safety procedures, and then everything will turn out.