How to make a bee-tail: tips for a beginner beekeeper

Getting an apiary, you need to competently take care of it. An obligatory measure is the formation of bee layers. This procedure is carried out twice a year: in the autumn and in the spring. Thanks to the organization of the layers, they develop and multiply, and the amount of honey increases. For everything to go well, you need to know how to make a batch, how to separate a bee family and much more. Read about this in the article.

What is a selection?

They are bees and brood, they are chosen from the main families. Breeding bees have the ability to reproduce artificially in families. Before they are formed, the apiary should contain drones and young bees. This is a prerequisite. For the swarm in the early period the uterus is bought or taken out independently. The main thing is that she starts oviposition long before the main collection of honey, about forty days before it starts.

If a single brood is formed from one large family with observance of ideal terms in the organization of this event, the brood grows twice. Breeding bees before collecting honey is long enough to get stronger, settle in a new place and in the future work on a par with bees from the main families.

Why is a bee collet?

Experienced beekeepers know what it's for. But the beginner beekeeper knowledge of this will not interfere. When carrying out the removal of bees, their labor power is increased, and most importantly, until the main bribe is obtained, a mature brood is formed and the natural swarming to which the bees are prone is prevented.

The organization of layers is a lucrative business, as in the apiary of families it becomes twice as much without buying them. Accordingly, and honey will be more, and its quantity does not affect the quality for the worse. Honey will be just as tasty.

A beginner beekeeper should know that they make a bee colt for another reason. In queens that have survived the cold period, there is little chance of a healthy replacement. But fresh bees, who were placed in a hive in the spring, are quite capable of leaving it.

Why do drones need a family of bees?

These individuals are males. The bee-drone is born due to unfertilized eggs. It differs from other insects in size: it is larger than the working bee, and smaller than the uterus.

The bee-drone is endowed with a short proboscis, the absence of a sting and a device for collecting pollen. For this reason, the male does not collect nectar, does not feed the larvae and does not guard the nest. The main purpose of drone is fertilization, protection of the uterus and feeding itself.

How to form a brood of bees?

This procedure can be carried out by individual or collective method. The individual bee colt is formed from one family, and the prefabricated - from two or three, in the absence of diseases that can infect all bees. Lapping is done on a fetal, barren uterus and on the mat in the maturity stage.

In regions where honey is collected early, excellent results are achieved by the removal of the uterus or by the pre-collection of insects that have successfully hibernated. It is very important that honey bees from their own and from another uterus participate in the honey.

For each layer, an empty hive, a material for its warming, a honeycomb, is prepared in advance. If an apiary uses hives, then young bees are placed in the side pocket. He is isolated by the board from communicating with the main family. Each department has its own tapholes. To the bees do not confuse them, the front walls of the hives are painted in different colors and separated by a perpendicular board.

In order to make bee-tailings, the brood is selected from swarms, the weight of which exceeds one and a half to two kilograms. They must be strong. How to make a wire? It can be done if the bee family occupies nine frames in the hive, and on seven of them there is brood. If we take one frame with a mature brood and bees, completely covering it, there will be no damage. This manipulation can be done twice in ten days.

This will not affect the brood rearing. The bees selected from the family increase the number of larvae that have emerged from other queens. The new layers with the presence of fetal queens grow very quickly. If necessary, they can be divided again.

At what time do you need to make a lead?

The first thing to do in the apiary in the spring is to restore the strength of the family. Bees wake up when the temperature of the air on the street is ten degrees or more. How to make a wire? To do this, you need to choose the sunny weather, it is unacceptable to start forming the layer in frosty days. The exact date is determined depending on the region in which the apiary is contained. But if the beacons in the hive are directed to the south, the output of the bees can be expected even in the winter. The spring bee-tail can be done in two ways.

Breeding of bees in early spring

This is a mandatory procedure. It is very important to conduct it when there is a need to increase the productivity of bees in the apiary. How to make a wire? Early layers are carried out at the beginning or in the middle of April. If you start later, the bees will begin to sweat, lose control of the whole family. At the beginning of work, the air temperature should be at least 20 degrees Celsius.

Breeding of bees in late spring

In these terms it is risky to do the layers, as the bees can not return from the flight, which they carry out for informational purposes or in connection with the nuptial period. And if there is no fetal uterus, there will be no brood. In this case, the amount of honey collected will decrease significantly.

By the late period of the formation of the layer, the family must grow stronger and have its own uterus and drones. For the late removal of bees, the ideal time is the middle or end of May.

Time of formation of the layer and conditions of selection of the brood

To make a detachment, the frames should be selected closer to the middle of the day. At this time, bees are good years, and most of the old insects are already in the field in search of nectar and pollen. On the apiary you can meet young non-flying bees.

Well, if in the layer old bees will be in a small amount. Otherwise they will accept a new uterus badly or at all will kill, and they again will return to former hive. In this case, the fiber will become weaker. If there are many young but non-flying bees in the line, there will be no problems with the reception of the new queen.

For layers, you need to take a frame with a mature brood, at the level of the appearance of young bees. Also open brood on the framework should be present in the minimum amount. When examining the frame, it is necessary to make sure that the uterus is absent. If by mistake it still remains, it must immediately be transplanted. To do this, use another frame with brood. First it is placed in a container, and then transferred to the hive.

Division of families by half a year

This method is traditional. When forming a layer, the bee family is divided in half, or, as they say, for half a year. This method consists in the fact that different bees come into the created layers, which immediately work like in a natural swarm, they do not need to adapt in a new place, gain strength and so on. Insects are engaged in collecting nectar and pollen, delivering water, caring for brood and building honeycombs. Their procedure is not affected by the procedure for the removal.

Formation of the Cvetkov method

It differs from the traditional way in that bees are made when the family begins to prepare for swarming. This happens when a brood brood appears and insects begin to build bowls.

The family is divided in half and placed in separate hives. In the part where there is no uterus, the brood is open. This hive remains in its place. In the other place the uterus and the brood sealed. Thanks to this division, you do not need to spend time moving the hives and controlling how the bees fly over them. This method ensures the division of the family, eliminates the death of brood. In addition, the feed will not be stolen.

The formation of the division by family division occurs naturally. The flight bees, most of them, return to their hive, to their former place. But this bee-family without a uterus. The smaller part of the bees gets into a nearby hive with a uterus. Insects from a hive without a uterus will never fly to another bee house, as they have an open brood and a lot of eggs are concentrated on the framework.

The main disadvantage of the method is the uneven division of the bees during the formation of the outflow. Although the strength of the family with fewer insects will soon recover, as in a few days the bees will come out of the printed brood.

Bees in the apiary in the spring

Insects spend the winter in a sleepy state, which saves energy and feed. For warming in winter cold the family forms a tangle. The apiary is awakening in the spring: insects come out of a drowsy state. A sign of this is the ambient air temperature, it should be at least ten degrees of heat. This period begins in late February or early March.

In spring, the number of bees increases, since the uterus can lay 1,500 eggs per day by the end of the season. From the way families develop in the spring, the collection of honey and the production of its products depend. Therefore, in the winter, beekeepers devote all their free time to bringing order to the apiary.