History of Management Development: milestones and milestones

Management is the science of enterprise management. This is one of the youngest sciences, which was finally formed at the end of the twentieth century, although the history of the emergence of management is replete with examples of organizations that existed in antiquity and survived, and even flourishing today. An example of such a linear structure can be cited the Catholic Church in Rome, in which there is a clear hierarchy of subordination.

The history of the emergence of management is closely connected not only with the industrial revolution, but also with management ideas of political economists William Petty, Adam Smith, David Riccardo and Socialist-Utopian Robert Owen who noticed, appreciated and determined the great role of the human factor in production.

But the most important moments the history of management development is going through at the beginning of the twentieth century and passes to the present day only 8 stages.

1. He started the management as a science F. Taylor, writing the work "Principles of Scientific Management", in which he clearly demonstrated the importance of system analysis in the management of the enterprise for its success.
2. Further F. Taylor's teaching was picked up and refined by A. Fayol, P. Urvik, D. Mooney, and P. Sloan. In connection with their activities, the history of the development of management was marked by a new theory clearly articulating its functions and principles.
3. The third stage is "neoclassical", when the sociological concept of making group decisions is approbated. Here, E. Mayo, the founder of the school of "human relations", joins the above scientists.
4. Two decades, which span the 1940s and 1960s of the twentieth century, management thought is progressively evolving and improving the management theory, adding to it the achievements of psychology and sociology.
5. The history of management development at this stage marks the transition of management thought to the use of advances in information technology, which at this time reach the peak of their popularity. D. McGregor expounds and justifies his theory about the direct impact of the manager's relationship to his subordinates on the results of their activities.
6. The stage of the 1970s-1980s of the twentieth century was marked by the theories of I. Ansoff, G. Salanchik, and Porter, who revealed the meaning of various ways and methods of management, as well as the establishment of interrelations between the internal environment of the organization and the external environment.
7. At the seventh stage, the history of management development was marked by revolutionary discoveries in Japan and other developed countries in the field of various organizational structures, which are very important management methods.
8. And the last stage, which began in the 90s of the 20th century, continues to this day. The main tendency of management is the creation of an organizational culture, the democratization of management, the participation of workers in management.

The history of management development in Russia begins at the beginning of the twentieth century and also occurs in stages.

1. The beginning was laid by I. Semenov, and A. Paikin, who prepared a course of lectures on the organization of NOT in enterprises.
2. In 1920, the laws of the NTU were finally formulated by scientists from the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute and the Moscow Higher Technical School.
3. 1935 brought to the theory of management the law of the organizational sum, the author of which was OA. Yermansky.
4. In 1950, FR Dunaevsky proved that one manager can manage a certain number of employees.
5. The end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the 21st century are the period of transition of Russian management to various ways of optimizing managerial activity.

Today's history of management development in Russia is connected with total computerization, as well as with humanization and democratization of management activities.