Groups of cultivated plants. Examples of names of cultivated plants

Since ancient times, a close connection of man with the plant world has been established. There are some species that people plant themselves, take care of the shoots, then harvest. But in nature there are species that develop regardless of human activity. Cultivated plants, the names of which will be listed below, are of particular importance for people. What are the species included in this category? About this, as well as what plants are cultured, then in the article.

general information

Groups of cultivated plants, listed below, are grown by man to obtain feed for farm animals, food, industrial, medicinal and other raw materials and for other purposes. In accordance with the eighth edition of the International Nomenclature Code, three categories are recognized today that divide the representatives of the flora under consideration. They include, in particular, the species, group and Greek (for orchids). They are all from wild varieties. At the same time, selection, hybridization or methods of genetic engineering were applied. When searching for wild varieties for the cultivation of crops and their subsequent use, a doctrine about the centers of origin of agricultural cultures was formed. Thus, Vavilov, summarizing the existing knowledge, identified 7 main centers. At the same time, it must be said that groups of cultivated plants, unlike wild varieties, do not have natural zones of distribution (areals).

Modification of wild varieties

As a result of selection, wild-growing crops began to yield high yields in a new climate or on new soils - under conditions unusual for them. As a result, some varieties have changed so much that it is now difficult to determine their ancestors. To improve the yield of agricultural crops, man began to use fertilizers. At the same time, pest control was conducted with the help of insecticides and fungicides.

Cultivated plants. Examples. Classification

There are the following groups of cultivated plants:

1. Decorative (rose).
2. Cereal and cereal grains (eg wheat, corn, rice).
3. Bean (soy, beans, etc.).
4. Sugar-bearing (sugar beet).
5. Starch-bearing (potatoes, sweet potatoes).
6. Fibrous.
7. Oilseeds (sunflower).
8. Fruit (apples, pears, pineapples).
9. Vegetables (dill, cucumbers, tomatoes).
10. Melons (melons, watermelons).
11. Stimulating (poppy, coffee, tea).

Description

Groups of cultivated plants are determined in accordance with various characteristics. Classification is used widely enough in accordance with the economic purpose of a given variety. So, there are groups of medicinal, honey-producing, dyeing, spinning, fodder, food, technical and other cultivated plants. As a variation of this classification (less convenient and, in connection with this, rarely used), separation can occur in accordance with the substances present in them. In this case, there are, for example, alkaloid-containing, protein-containing, fatty-fat and other. Mixed classification is also often used: along with food, medicinal, fodder, oilseed, fibrous, spicy-aromatic groups of cultivated plants are also isolated. However, the most logical and fully developed system is classified according to the industry principle.

Separation in accordance with the branches of agriculture

Specialists distinguish groups of cultivated plants according to the type of agricultural activity: horticulture, horticulture and field farming. Accordingly, there are fruit, vegetable and field varieties. The second, in turn, is divided into root crops (radish, carrots, beets), leafy (lettuce, spinach, cabbage), fruit (cucumber, tomato), cauliflower (asparagus, kohlrabi), onion (garlic, onion). As a special subgroup in many cases, flavor (spicy-aromatic) cultivated plants (parsley, dill) are considered. Tubers are varieties with edible tubers. Among the main food products are potatoes (in Europe), cassava and yams (in Africa).

Field cultivars

This group of plants includes cereals (cereals - rye, wheat, legumes - lentils, soy, peas, cereals - millet, buckwheat, root crops (turnips, beets), tubers (potatoes), spinning (hemp, flax, cotton ), Oilseeds (mustard, peanuts, sunflower), fodder grasses (alfalfa, clover). In some cases, melons such as pumpkin, watermelons, melons are also considered to be in the field, but as a rule it is more convenient to treat them as separate crops or as part of Of vegetable cultural groups. also separately allocate medicinal grade (valerian, foxglove, etc.), essential oil (lavender, coriander), as well as specific types (shag tobacco).

Fruit grades

This group includes agricultural crops, which give juicy fruits. They, in turn, are divided into stone (apricot, plum, cherry), pomegranate (quince, pear, apple), berry (currant, strawberry, raspberry, strawberry). In the same group in a number of cases include citrus (orange, lemon), nuts (hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts). In the fruit and berry, a subgroup of subtropical varieties is sometimes distinguished. They include, in particular, a loquat, a pomegranate, figs. Close to fruit and berry are considered such crops as dog rose, sea buckthorn and other vitamin-bearing.

Cereals

In the whole group of field crops, cereals are considered to be the most important. Among the most popular species are rice, wheat, rye, oats, corn, millet. According to different data, these cultures occupy about three quarters of the entire arable land of the planet. Wheat is grown almost everywhere: it is the main bread for a person, which it consumes every day. Part of the harvest, in addition, is used for fattening cattle. An equally important culture is rice. In Asian states, it is considered the main food. With automatic harvesting, threshing, for example, wheat in a combine, pure grain is obtained. Improving the aggregates, the person adapts them to collect other crops, for example, soybeans, corn and others.