What is "gender"? The term implies the social sex of the individual, which is created through education. The concept includes psychological, cultural differences between women and men.
Gender education of children of preschool age
Awareness of their gender and identification with it occurs in the period from 2 to 3 years. Gradually the child understands that gender identity is always constant and does not change with time. At the heart of the approach to sexual development of babies lie differences on external signs and the need to take into account the socio-biological characteristics. The upbringing of preschool children in the kindergarten and the family is the special organization of the educational work. This is due to differences in the structure of the brain and its activities, as well as differences in the temperaments of girls and boys. In young female representatives, the left hemisphere develops earlier, that's why they start talking faster, and they have rational rational thinking to a certain age. Boys are subject to violent manifestations of emotions, they often change their mood. Girls are closer classes in small groups, and small men like competitions, joint, outdoor games.
Gender child types
Sexual difference includes the following components: cognitive self-awareness, emotional identity, specific behavior. Based on these components, gender types are born, which are classified. To which of them the child will be closer depends on the parents. Consider the characteristics of children by gender:
- A muscular child. He seeks independence of behavior, respects authority. More often needs communication with a meaningful man. Basically, these children are focused on achieving high results in certain areas, strive for leadership, love competitions. When communicating with peers are inclined to authoritarianism, they do not tolerate objections.
- A feminine child. Boys of this type have problems communicating with their sex. They do not show independence, initiative, are cautious and differ in dependent behavior. The child must be supported, show faith in his possibilities. Often does not want to communicate with the masculine type.
- Androgynous child. The type shows a high activity in communicating with children of any gender. He is independent, often achieves high results. He tries to overcome difficulties without the help of outsiders. Masculine qualities are manifested in helping the weak, and protecting them.
- Undifferentiated type. The child is passive, avoids contact, does not seek achievements. There is no pronounced style of behavior.
Moms and dads have a major influence on the formation of a gender type. Incorrect perception of the characteristics of their sex often occurs in incomplete or dysfunctional families.
The problem of gender education
We note the following number of reasons that influence the formation of the wrong image of your gender:
- Feminization of men and eversion of women.
- Reducing feelings of gender differences.
- The growth of inadequate forms of behavior of young people.
- Problems in personal life.
Gender education of children of preschool age is a problem. Basically, the system of education is provided by mothers, nannies, female educators, that is, extremely feminized. The situation that has arisen has a particularly negative impact on the development of boys.
Gender education for kindergarten teachers
Work with children in preschool institutions should be based on gender differences. So, in the educational process, you need to take into account the different perception of information in boys and girls. For the former, it is preferable to rely on visual aids, and for the latter, on hearing aids. When doing creative work, you need to remember that in boys the movements of the hands are behind the babies for a year and a half. Small men need to give work easier or carry out an individual approach. When the educator evaluates the activities of children, then in this case gender differences are taken into account. For example, the intonation of speech, the form of evaluation, the presence of people, is most important for girls. For a boy, this is an evaluation of the result itself, and not the method of achievement. He is also able to improve his work. Gender education of children of preschool age can not do without a game. Boys are characterized by active, noisy activities, and girls - quiet, most often role-playing for family and household issues. Of course, teachers are calmer when children are engaged in slow-moving games, but this limits the development of the personality of small men. A good pastime will be role plays taking into account gender differences or playing in the theater.
Musical development
During the training of this kind, boys need to pay attention to learning the elements of dance that require dexterity and strength, and girls - softness and smoothness. The gender approach in the upbringing of children of senior preschool age takes into account the training skills of a leading dance partner. Songs in which there is an indication of gender differences, also contribute to the formation of necessary behavior.
Sports development
Gender education of preschool children is also conducted in physical education classes. Exercises for girls are based on the development of flexibility, coordination. For example, classes with ribbons, jumping rope. The boys exercise lasts a little longer and the equipment is slightly heavier. Successful gender education of children of senior preschool age is based on the fact that girls are characterized by near vision, and for boys - far-sighted. Therefore, the latter needs more space for activities. When getting acquainted with a new sport, it is necessary to focus on his gender.
Parental involvement in gender development
Education of preschool children in kindergarten and family should be interrelated. Parents periodically need assistance in ensuring the full development of the child, and here they can contact the caregivers. The teacher can invite moms and dads to participate in joint classes, which they can then apply at home. For the education of parents in kindergartens, establish stands, on which the actual information on the development of the children is painted. The guarantee of the correct formation of knowledge about gender differences is the holding of events involving the whole family. It can be competitions of family talents, acquaintance with the profession of parents, sports. Experience in gender education of preschool children can be announced at the time of parental meetings. Moms and dads, as well as teachers, discuss different ways of educating their children.
Summing up
The gender aspect in the upbringing of preschool children is an important and urgent task in the formation of future fathers and mothers. Under the influence of social changes in modern society, traditional views on the behavior of the sexes are gradually being destroyed. The roles of men and women are often mixed, the boundaries in professional spheres are blurred. Dad sits at home more and more, and his mother earns money. Based on this, girls become aggressive, overbearing, rude, and boys can not stand up for themselves, are emotionally unstable and do not have the skills of a culture of behavior with the female sex. Therefore, it is very important, from an early age, to give children knowledge about the characteristics of their gender. This implies an increased requirement for the parents themselves, for their behavior and way of life. It is necessary to pay attention to the work of educators in kindergartens, remembering that the child spends most of the day there.