GEF - what is it? Educational standard requirements

Probably, each person wants to give his child a quality education. But how to determine the level of education, if you have no relation to pedagogy? Of course, with the help of GEF.

What is GEF?

For each educational system and educational institution, a list of mandatory requirements aimed at determining each level of training in the profession or specialty was approved. These requirements are combined in the framework of the federal state educational standard (GEF), which is approved by the authorities authorized to regulate the policy in the field of education.

The implementation and results of the development of programs in public educational institutions can not be lower than those indicated in the GEF.

In addition, the Russian education assumes that without mastering the standards it will be impossible to obtain a state document. GEF is a kind of foundation through which the student has the opportunity to move from one level of education to another, like a ladder.

Objectives

Federal state educational standards are designed to ensure the integrity of Russia's educational space; Continuity of the basic programs of preschool, primary, secondary, professional and higher education.

In addition, GEF is responsible for aspects of spiritual and moral development and upbringing.

The requirements of the educational standard include strict deadlines for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account all possible forms of education and educational technologies.

The basis for the development of tentative educational programs; Programs of subjects, courses, literature, control materials; Standards for the financial supply of educational activities of specialized institutions that implement the educational program is GEF.

What is the standard for public education? First of all, these are the principles of the organization of the educational process in institutions (kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.). Without the GEF, it is impossible to monitor compliance with the RF legislation in the educational area, as well as conduct a final and intermediate certification of students.

It is worth noting that one of the goals of GEF is the internal monitoring of the quality of education. With the help of standards, the organization of the activity of methodical specialists takes place, as well as the certification of pedagogical workers and other personnel of educational institutions.

Training, retraining and raising the level of skills of workers in education are also in the sphere of influence of state standards.

Structure and implementation

The federal law ruled that each standard must necessarily include three types of requirements.

First, the requirements for the structure of educational programs (the ratio of parts of the main program and their volume, the ratio of the mandatory part and the proportion that is formed by the participants in the educational process).

Secondly, the terms of sale are also subject to stringent requirements (including personnel, financial, technical).

Third, the result. The entire educational program should form certain (including professional) competencies for students . The GEF lesson is designed to teach you how to apply all your skills and knowledge, and to act successfully on their basis.

Of course, this standard is not the constitution of all educational institutions. This is only the beginning of the vertical, with the main recommendations. At the federal level, on the basis of the GEF, an approximate educational program is being developed that focuses on local specifics. And then educational institutions bring this program to perfection (in the last process, even interested parents can participate, which is regulated by law). Thus, the Russian education from the methodical point of view can be represented in the form of a scheme:

Standard - an approximate program of the federal level - the program of the educational institution.

The last paragraph includes such aspects as:

• academic plan;
• The calendar schedule;
• Working programs;
• Appraisal materials;
• Methodical recommendations for subjects.

Generations and differences of GEF

What is the state standard, they knew back in the Soviet era, because strict regulations existed even then. But this particular document appeared and came into force only in the 2000s.

GEF was formerly simply called an educational standard. The so-called first generation came into force in 2004. The second generation was developed in 2009 (for primary education), in 2010 (for the basic general), in 2012 (for the average full).

For higher education GOSTs were developed in 2000. The second generation, which came into force in 2005, was aimed at obtaining ZUM students. Since 2009, new standards have been developed aimed at developing general cultural and professional competencies.

Before 2000, for each specialty, a minimum of knowledge and skills that a person who had graduated from a university should possess was determined. Later, these requirements became tougher.

Modernization of public education is taking place to this day. In 2013, the law "On Education" was issued, according to which new programs for higher professional and preschool education are being developed . Among other things, the point on the training of scientific and pedagogical staff was firmly included there.

How do the old standards differ from GEF? What are the next generation standards?

The main distinguishing feature is that in modern education the development of the personality of pupils (students) is placed on the forefront. Disappeared from the text of the document generalizing concepts (Skills, skills, knowledge), in their place came a clearer demand, for example, were formulated the real activities that each student must master. Much attention is paid to subject, inter-subject and personal results.

To achieve these goals, the existing forms and types of training were revised, the innovative educational space of the lesson (lesson, course) was put into effect.

Thanks to the changes introduced, the new generation student is a free-thinking person, capable of setting goals, solving important problems, creatively developed and capable of adequately treating reality.

Who develops standards

Standards are replaced by new ones at least once every ten years.

GEF general education are developed by educational levels, GEF vocational education can also be developed in the specialties, professions and training areas.

The GEF is developed taking into account:

• Acute and long-term needs of the individual;
• Development of the state and society;
• Education;
• Culture;
• science;
• Techniques;
• Economy and social sphere.

Educational-methodical association of universities is being developed by GEF for higher education. Their project is sent to the Ministry of Education, where the discussion takes place, corrections and adjustments are made, and then given for independent examination for a period of not more than two weeks.

The expert conclusion is returned to the Ministry. And again a wave of discussions is being launched by the GEF Council, which decides whether to approve the project, send it for revision or reject it.

If you need to make changes to the document, it goes the same way from the very beginning.

Elementary education

GEF is a set of requirements necessary for the implementation of primary education. The three main ones are the results, structure and conditions of implementation. All of them are determined by age and individual characteristics, and are considered from the point of view of laying the foundation for the whole education.

The first part of the standard specifies the period of mastering the basic initial program. He is four years old.

With its help are provided:

• Equal opportunities for all to get an education;
• Spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren;
• Continuity of all programs of preschool and school education;
• Preservation, development and mastery of the culture of a multinational country;
• Democratization of education;
• Formation of criteria for assessing the activities of students and teachers4
• The conditions for the development of the individual personality and the creation of special educational conditions (for gifted children, children with disabilities).

At the heart of the training program is the system-activity approach. But the program of primary education is developed by the methodological council of the educational institution.

In the second part of the GEF, clear requirements are set for the result of the educational process. Including, personal, meta-subject and subject results of training.

Recommendations are given for the results of training specific subjects. For example, the GEF for the Russian language (mother tongue) puts forward the following requirements:

1. Formation of ideas about the diversity of the country's language space.
2. Understanding that language is an integral part of the national culture.
3. Formation of a positive attitude toward correct speech (and writing), as part of a common culture.
4. Mastering the primary norms of language.

The third part defines the structure of primary education (curriculum, extracurricular activities, programs of individual subjects, which includes thematic planning for GEF).

The fourth part contains requirements for the conditions of implementation of the educational process (personnel, finance, material and technical side).

Secondary (complete) education

The first part of the standard on requirements is partially repeated and echoes with the GEF on primary education. Significant differences appear in the second section, which deals with learning outcomes. The necessary norms for mastering certain subjects are also indicated, including Russian language, literature, foreign language, history, social science, geography, and others.

The focus is on the personal development of students, highlighting such key points as:

• The education of patriotism, the assimilation of the values of a multinational country;
• The formation of a worldview corresponding to the level of reality;
• The development of norms of social life;
• The development of aesthetic understanding of the world and so on.

The requirements for the structure of educational activities have also been modified. But the sections remained the same: targeted, meaningful and organizational.

Higher levels

GEF for secondary professional and higher education is built on the same principles. The differences are obvious, the requirements for the structure, result and conditions of implementation can not be the same for different educational levels.

At the heart of secondary vocational education is the competence approach, i.e. People are given not just knowledge, but the ability to manage this knowledge. At the exit from the school, the graduate should not speak "I know what," but "I know how."

On the basis of the generally accepted GEF, each institution develops its program, focusing on the profile of the college or university, on the availability of certain material and technical capabilities, etc.

The Methodological Council takes into account all the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and acts strictly under its guidance. However, the adoption of the programs of specific educational institutions is under the jurisdiction of local authorities and the administration of the education of the region (republic, territory).

Institutions should take into account and implement recommendations on teaching materials (for example, GEF textbooks took their rightful place in libraries), thematic planning, etc.

Criticism

On the road to approval, GEF has gone through many revisions, but even in its current form, the education reform receives a large amount of criticism from its own, and receives even more.

In fact, in the minds of the developers of the standard, it should lead to the unification of the entire Russian education. But it turned out the opposite. Someone has found in this document the pros, some minuses. Many teachers, accustomed to traditional training, have hard to pass to new standards. The GEF textbooks raised questions. However, in everything you can find positive moments. Modern society does not stand still, education must change and change depending on its needs.

One of the main complaints to GEF was its lengthy language, the lack of clear objectives and real requirements that would be presented to the students. Entire opposing groups appeared. According to the GEF, everyone was obliged to learn everything, but nobody gave explanations how to do it. And with these teachers and methodical specialists had to cope on the ground, including everything necessary in the program of their school.

Topics on GEF have been raised and will rise, because the old foundations, in which the main thing in education were knowledge, very firmly entered the life of everyone. The new standards, which are dominated by professional and social competencies, will find their opponents for a long time to come.

The result

The development of GEF was inevitable. Like everything new, this standard has caused a lot of controversy. However, the reform took place. To understand whether it is successful or not, at least it is necessary to wait for the first release of students. Intermediate results are little informative in this regard.

At this time, of course, only one thing - the work of teachers has increased.