Exposure in photography is what? Exposure rules in photography

A digital SLR camera now exists in almost every family, but how to properly use it, not everyone will be able to figure it out. If you are a beginner photographer, then this article is for you! Exposure in photography is the basics in professional photography. You can not make any good frames, if you do not have a clue about it. This is the first thing that photographers study. They just have to know the rules of exposure in photography. The parameters that are included in this concept, only at first glance seem incredibly complex.

So, let's see what an exposition is in photography. How to avoid mistakes to novice photographers? First of all, it is necessary to learn the elementary terminology, because without it you can not understand any instructions and can not in practice apply advice from professional articles.

The terms

Exposure in photography is a list of specific parameters, each of which is tuned to the situation in which the shooting takes place. Your gadget, acting through the lens, measures the amount of light that comes from outside, and transmits commands to the settings. A good light is a vital factor for a good photo.

Expoparameters

Let's analyze the value of the parameters.

• Aperture (f). In the lens of your device, there are thin petals (plastic or iron) that open and close the hole in the lens. The diaphragm limits the flow of light that passes through the lens. This value is marked with the letter f, and the number next will show a small or larger value. There is such a thing as a diaphragm number. It is denoted by F / x. In this fraction x is the focal length of the lens.
• Excerpt. This parameter is measured in seconds and fractions of a second. Indicates the exposure time of a light beam to the sensitive material of the camera.
• The ISO sensitivity displays how the film or matrix reacts to the light flux. The higher the ISO number, the more light the image will be.

White balance

Another important parameter when shooting is the white balance. BB is responsible for color reproduction on your frames. This is a complex parameter, which you can not touch during normal shooting. Enough autotuning your gadget.

It happens that the photographer is not satisfied with the color reproduction in the frames. This means that you must adjust the white balance yourself. To do this, use a special gray card. If it's not there, then just take a picture of a white sheet of paper. Its your gadget and will take it as a standard. There is another option, in the settings you can choose one of the options: cloudy, incandescent, daylight and so on.

From professionals you can also hear the expressions "expo" and "exposition triangle".

The expo is a tandem: diaphragm and exposure. The exposure triangle is the three parameters mentioned above. You should be very careful about shooting in manual mode, because here you can set each parameter separately. You should know: the change of each of the parameters will be displayed in the picture.

Let's play with the aperture: the bokeh effect

What does this funny name mean? This is when a person is depicted in the photo, and around him you see a blurred background, the outlines of colored circles, dots, snowflakes, colorful stripes. The background looks exquisite, and nothing is distracting from it. The effect of bokeh is capable of making the masterpiece of the most boring image! Let us turn to practice.

Settings for your optics

What, in principle, does the effect of bokeh depend on? If you need to specifically get a figured effect, then you can not do without special filters that are simply put on the lens. To make the background just blurry, you need to work on the settings of the gadget.

So, to the bokeh depends:

• From the depth of space;
• Degree of sharpness of the objects of the shooting.

The degree of blur is determined by such parameters:

• Diaphragm. She plays the most important role here. The more the petals are opened, the more blurred will be the background. Advice! Be careful when installing the most open diaphragm. If one person in this picture is obtained, most likely, well, then a group of people or buildings are likely to turn out to be blurred. Use the effect bokeh with the mind, not everywhere it is relevant.
• Focal length. The more it is, the more noticeable will be the effect. If your lens has a zoom lens, then simply twist its circle.
• Distance to the subject of the shooting. The closer you are to a person, the greater the likelihood of a beautiful blurred background. Do not overdo it, because the device still needs to adjust the focus. It is optimal if there is a distance of one meter between the person and the background. Then the background will become a masterpiece.

People, for whom photography is their bread, get high-performance lenses for work. This is expensive professional equipment, but with such lenses the effect of bokeh is amazing.

Macro lenses and blurred portrait lenses are also suitable for blur. The first are needed for shooting very small objects.

The effect of bokeh and improvised materials

To create a blur effect, it is not necessary to buy a lot of expensive filters and torment the camera with complex settings. Many professionals gain help at hand. It can be:

• polyethylene film;
• Light fabric (chiffon, organza);
• Scarves with an interesting pattern.

These things can be used as background. Do not forget: it is optimal that the distance between the background and the object is a distance of one meter.

There is another way to use the cellophane package. Wrap it around the lens, so that there is a small gap in which the subject will fit. You can fix the bag with small pieces of scotch.

Cut a piece of organic glass, cardboard, orliptte circle or other desired shape. Such a self-made filter will allow you to make unique photos, just properly fix it on the lens. Fabric or scarves can also be placed on the edge of the lens to get an unusual effect.

Exposure Adjustment

Exposure in photography is very important. So let's talk about setting it up. Each camera has its own subtleties in the alignment of the exposure. In the manual you will find how to correctly use the "hot keys" on the case. For example, in Nikon SLRs with the Fn button, you can set the ISO. The wheel next to the screen will allow you to adjust the shutter speed. To adjust the aperture, you need to press the small button next to the shutter release button.

Semi-automatic modes of SLR cameras

To receive photos with different exposures, you can choose one of the semi-automatic modes of the gadget. This is an excellent option for beginners. Changing only one parameter from the top three, you get the right exposure in digital photography.

In the case of Canon's professional SLR camera, the icon on the tv wheel means shutter priority; Av is the priority of the aperture.

Creative modes for Nicon:

• M - manual mode.
• P - semi-automatic mode.

Advice! Beginners should use semi-automatic mode, focusing on the priority of the aperture or shutter speed. Manual mode will be difficult at first. Do not simplify your life and use automatic and settings. As practice shows , this is convenient, but in time you will simply be too lazy to understand the settings and you will lose the opportunity to engage in creative photography.

The advice of professionals in this matter is very important, but you will get excellent photos only after practicing. Shoot as much as possible, write down the values of successfully set parameters, as well as indicators that should be avoided.

Advice! Do not ignore the instructions for the gadget. This knowledge will fully give you the opportunity to make excellent personnel.

Exposure Scale

Exposure scale is a parameter that will tell you how correctly you set the values of the triangle. Find the exposure level indicator on your camera using the instruction. Look at him. Are the values turned to the right? The photo will be too light. When you turn left - overexposed. The correct exposure in photography is when the mark stands at zero.

The exposure scale can also be adjusted manually. If the exposure compensation is at zero, and the photo is not bright or dark, then play with the indicator slider.

Exposure metering in photos (modes)

There are three exposure modes in the photo. This matrix, point and weighted average. Let's consider each of them:

• The matrix is also called multivalued, estimated or multiaxial. In this mode, the camera will measure the exposure in the photo itself. To work, you need uniform lighting. This is the most problem-free mode.
• Center-weighted. The mode makes a measurement in the center. The edges of the image remain out of work. Excellent mode for working on portraits.
• Pointed. The most difficult mode. A newcomer can not cope with it. Similar to the previous one, but only 5% of the image is measured. For work, it is necessary that the subject of the filming be well-lit and contrasted.

Exposure Methods

The types of metering have been listed above, but all of them have a significant drawback. The result depends little on the illumination, it affects only the object of the shooting. For example, take two plates with vegetables. One of them will be orange, the second - blue. The lighting in the room is the same, and the light falls evenly on the dishes. Using a spot metering and find out the exposure value of each object. It is interesting that the blue plate has a lower brightness, and the yellow one has a larger one. But if you understand, it should not be so, because the conditions for lighting objects are the same.

How light affects metering

The reason for such differences in the exposure under identical lighting conditions is in the reflectivity of different colors. You can continue research and change the dishes to white and black. Illuminance should not be changed at the same time. Naturally, the exposure for a black plate is needed more than for white dishes. Conclusion: with the metering system, the light intensity of the subject is not taken into account, but its reflective characteristics.

Exposure in the camera smartphone

Understanding the exposition in photography means getting beautiful shots on any gadget! Modern smart phones are equipped with a beautiful camera, and the images are often obtained no worse than a professional camera. A mobility device - this is a huge plus, because it's not always possible to carry a bulky mirror gadget.

Unfortunately, it's almost impossible to influence the exposure in the built-in camera. The built-in function itself makes measurements and distributes the stream of light.

Gont L. "Exposition in Photography"

The book deals with the installation of the exhibition as a creative process. The author says with rapture how much this process is close to art, because this is not a boring collection of measurement indicators!

In the book "Exposition in Photography" Gaunt, it is about the fact that with correctly selected parameters, the main thing is that the tonality in the picture be respected. White and black colors should be clean, and intermediate shades should not be distorted.

What will the book teach? The author tells you that the correct exposure in photography is the decision about which key will be given to the picture. This book will help to understand for yourself how important the exposition is in photography. How to avoid mistakes in this matter, the famous author of the book will tell.

Recognize the possibilities of your camera. When a person first takes a mirror camera and starts to understand the settings, the most difficult stage is to study the basics of the exposure in photography. Having dealt with this issue, you will be a step closer to the art of professional photography.

From this article you learned what information can be seen in the camera's viewfinder and how to use it correctly to photograph with the correct exposure. Having bought the complex equipment, which is a mirror camera, you should learn the instruction as a mantra. If you do not know what most buttons on the gadget are for, then by going into the settings, you will only get confused. So study, and your family albums will be filled with exceptionally high-quality pictures.