Epinephrine: what is it? Epinephrine: instructions for use and reviews

Epinephrine - what is it? We will tell about this in the article presented. Also, you will learn about the purposes for which the substance is used, whether it has contraindications and side effects.

Chemical properties

Epinephrine - what is it? What is this substance for? According to experts, this is one of the most important neurotransmitters, which is produced by the adrenal glands. Another name for this element is adrenaline.

By chemical structure, the substance in question refers to catecholamines. Thus, epinephrine is a synthetic adrenaline.

In the normal state of the body, this compound is contained in various organs and tissues. It is produced by chromaffin tissue.

Epinephrine, the instructions for use of which is presented below, affects beta and alpha-adrenergic receptors, as well as activates the excitation of sympathetic nerve fibers.

With stress, a sense of danger, anxiety, fear, burns and various injuries, the concentration of adrenaline in the body increases significantly. It takes part in all types of metabolism, and also affects the level of glucose and tissue metabolism, enhances gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, protein catabolism and the process of fat breakdown, inhibits the synthesis of glycogen in muscles and liver tissues.

Form of issue

Epinephrine: what is it and in what form is it produced? There are different forms of release of epinephrine. It is sold in the form of drops or homeopathic granules for oral administration, as well as solutions for injection and topical use. In addition, this substance is produced in the form of a substance-tincture or a substance-powder.

Pharmacological properties

What are the properties of epinephrine? What is it, we told above. According to experts, this drug has hyperglycemic, hypertensive, vasoconstrictive, bronchodilator and anti-allergic actions.

Synthetic adrenaline at the cellular level activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase, increases the concentration of cAMP and calcium ions. This substance raises blood pressure, narrows the vessels of internal organs, skin, mucous membranes, skeletal muscles, and also dilates the vessels of the brain.

Features of the tool

Epinephrine hydrochloride relaxes the musculature of the intestines and bronchi. In addition, it leads to the dilatation of the pupil.

The use of medicines with this substance increases the need of the heart in oxygen and prevents the development of edema of bronchioles. Also, this drug reduces the rate of absorption of local anesthetics, reduces toxicity and increases the duration of action of funds for local anesthesia.

Indications

What are the uses of epinephrine? The use of this agent is indicated for the elimination of an immediate allergy that has developed as a result of blood transfusion, drug exposure, the use of various products, after insect bites or the administration of any allergens.

Also, the said substance is used in the following cases:

• For relief of asthma attacks bronchial;
• With asystole;
• To prolong the action of local anesthetics;
• With bronchospasm, which occurred during anesthesia;
• At a hypotension, not giving in to treatment by means of replaceable liquids;
• For the treatment of hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin;
• To stop bleeding;
• With glaucoma open-angle for the purpose of dilating the pupil;
• In the treatment of priapism.

Contraindications

Epinephrine hydrochloride specialists do not recommend using when:

• Hypersensitivity, high blood pressure;
• Pregnancy;
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ;
• IHD and tachyarrhythmias;
• People with ventricular fibrillation;
• Pheochromocytoma;
• Breastfeeding.

Care must be taken when patients have the following pathologies and conditions:

• Hypercapnia;
• Ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation and hypoxia;
• Pulmonary hypertension;
• Hemorrhagic, traumatic or cardiogenic shock ;
• Thyrotoxicosis;
• Occlusive diseases of blood vessels;
• Raynaud's disease ;
• Atherosclerosis or Buerger's disease ;
• Diabetic endarteritis;
• Cerebral atherosclerosis;
• Parkinson's disease;
• Diabetes mellitus and angle-closure glaucoma;
• Increased convulsive activity;
• Hypertrophy of the prostate gland;
• People with metabolic acidosis;
• After a cold injury;
• After myocardial infarction;
• Children and elderly patients.

Epinephrine: instructions for use

Most often, epinephrine-based drugs are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Also, the drug is injected intravenously.

For relief of asthma attacks, bronchial medication is administered subcutaneously in an amount of 0.3-0.5 mg.

To prolong the duration of local anesthetics, the drug is prescribed at 5 mcg / ml.

To stop bleeding, epinephrine is used topically. A tampon, soaked in solution, is applied to the damaged area.

With asystole, intracardiac injections are shown, and intravenous injections during resuscitation.

Therapy of open-angle glaucoma is carried out by instilling 1-2% solution into the affected eye 1 drop twice a day.

Adverse events

According to doctors, epinephrine can cause:

• Angina pectoris, tachycardia, palpitations, bradycardia, a decrease or increase in blood pressure;
• Ventricular arrhythmia, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmia;
• Anxiety, tremors, dizziness and headaches;
• A feeling of fatigue, a feeling of cold or heat, nervousness;
• Insomnia, NA excitement, spontaneous muscle contractions, disorientation and so on.

Analogues

How can we replace the means we are considering? Epinephrine is found in such drugs as epinephrine hydrotartrate, adrenaline, adrenaline hydrotartrate, adrenaline tartrate, adrenaline hydrochloride - Vial.

It should also be noted that articaine and epinephrine are part of Septanest with adrenaline, Alfacaine JV, Articaine INIBSA, Artifrin, Primacaine with adrenaline, Ultrakaina D-S, Ubistezina, Brilocaine Adrenaline "," Artikina DF "," Cytokartina "," Artikina Perrel "with adrenaline.

Reviews

There are very few reviews of the substance in question. This is due to the fact that this medicine is used only in emergency cases and in a hospital.

According to experts, epinephrine is an indispensable substance that often helps to save a patient's life.