Edible and inedible mushrooms: classification according to nutritional value

In our country there is a huge number of species of fungi, some of them many people have never even heard. But lovers of "quiet hunting" of hunting should be careful, because among a huge number of species, many are inedible and poisonous mushrooms. Their classification can be based on the structure, as well as on nutritional value. In this article, we systematize the fungi, relying on their nutritional and taste properties.

Classification of fungi

All fungi can be divided into three main groups according to their food properties: edible, conditionally edible and inedible (poisonous).

Edible mushrooms, depending on what flavor qualities they have, are divided into 4 more categories. Conditionally edible can contain harmful substances, but they are not forbidden to use for cooking after special treatment (soaking, cooking). And poisonous mushrooms can not be eaten at all.

Edible mushrooms

Classification of this species is divided into 4 categories:

- The first - mushrooms, which are famous for their taste and do not require special treatment. It is, of course, a white fungus, a real mushroom and a redhead.

- The second category - mushrooms are also delicious, have a pleasant smell, but inferior to the taste and nutritional qualities of the specimens from the first category. It includes butter mushrooms, champignon ordinary, boletus, freckles, poderezozovik, yellow and aspen mushrooms.

- The third category, as a rule, includes mushrooms that have medium taste characteristics, and collect them only at a time when valuable fruits of the first or second category did not take root. It includes black mushrooms, mosses, chanterelles, morels, some kinds of russules.

- The fourth category - mushrooms are not distinguished by high taste indicators, they are collected only by amateurs. This category includes meadow and summer fork, hornets , turtles, oyster mushrooms, dung beetles.

Conditionally edible mushrooms

The classification is such that this group includes fruits that contain harmful and bitter substances. In addition, they may have an unpleasant taste or smell. Use them in food can only be after special treatment, boiling, soaking with changing water, boiling with the decoction. This group includes freckles, morels, black pears, stitches, svinushki and some kinds of russules that have bitterness. For example, russula and morels should be cooked for five minutes, then decoction of the broth, and put out the mushrooms, fry or add to the soup.

Poisonous mushrooms

The classification of poisonous fungi according to the mechanism of action and the degree of poisoning is as follows:

• The first group includes fungi, which cause local poisoning. For example, they can lead to disturbances in the digestive system. Their action begins in about an hour, and the effects of poisoning can be observed for about two weeks. If the patient is greatly weakened, then a lethal outcome is possible. This group includes a false raincoat, some species of russula, a tiger cub, etc.
• The second group includes fungi, which affect the human nervous system. The first signs of poisoning can be detected within half an hour. Possible the appearance of hallucinations, attacks of crying or laughter, digestive system disorders, and loss of consciousness. To such mushrooms can be attributed fly agaric, govorushki, ryadovki, etc.
• The third group is fungi with a plasminotoxic effect on the human body. Their toxins begin to have their effect within thirty minutes, but signs of poisoning can only appear on the second day. Even if all the necessary treatment measures are taken in time, a fatal outcome is observed in about 30% of cases. This group includes pale toadstool, smelly and spring fly agaric, fibrous, bile fungus.

Classification of mushrooms by edibility is very important, especially if the person in this business is a beginner.