Dynamics and statics in composition: definition, examples

Visual art is built on the concept of "composition." It ensures the meaningfulness and integrity of the work. Solving the artistic problem, the creator selects expressive means, thinks through the form of the embodiment of the idea and arranges the composition. To represent the artist need a variety of means, one of which are dynamics and statics in the composition. Let's talk about the specifics of the static and dynamic composition.

Concept of composition

In art, the composition is the leading characteristic of the artistic form. It ensures the unity and interconnection of all elements and parts of the work. In the concept of "composition", researchers put such values as a skilful combination of expressive means, the embodiment of the author's intention in the material, and the development of the topic in space and time. It is with her help that the author presents the main and secondary, formalizes the semantic and visual centers. It is present in any kind of art, but the dynamics and statics in the composition are most palpable and significant in the visual arts. The composition is a kind of instrument that arranges all expressive means, and allows the artist to achieve the highest expressiveness of form. The composition combines form and content, they are united by the aesthetic idea and artistic conception of the author.

Principles of composition

Despite the fact that the main unifying beginning of the composition is the unique idea of the artist, there are uniform patterns in the construction of the composition form. The basic principles or laws of composition were formed in artistic practice, they were not artificially invented, but were born in the course of the centuries-old creative process of many artists. Integrity is the first and most important law of composition. According to him, the work must have a carefully verified form in which nothing can be subtracted or added without violating the intention.

The primacy of the idea over form is yet another law of composition. All means are always subject to the idea of the artist, first a plan is born, and only then material appearance appears in color, texture, sound, etc. Any composition is built on the basis of contrasts, and this is another law. The opposite of colors, sizes, textures makes it possible to attract the attention of the viewer to certain elements of the form, to highlight the composition center and to give the idea a special expressiveness. Another immutable law of creating a composition is novelty. Each artwork is a unique author's view of a phenomenon or situation. It is in finding a new perspective and new means of translating the idea, perhaps eternal and familiar, and lies the main value of creation.

Means of composition

Each art form has its own assortment of expressive compositional means. In the fine arts, such lines include lines, strokes, color, light and shade, proportions and the golden section, shape. But there are also more general means, characteristic of many artistic forms. These include rhythm, symmetry and asymmetry, the separation of the compositional center. Dynamics and statics in composition are universal means of expressing an aesthetic idea. They are closely related to the existence of a composition in space and time. A unique ratio of different means allows artists to create individual and original works. It is in the arrangement of this expressive arsenal that the author's style of the author is manifested.

Kinds of composition

Despite all the individuality of the works of art, there is a rather limited list of compositional forms. There are several classifications, which for different reasons distinguish the types of compositions. By the features of the representation of the object, the frontal, three-dimensional and deep-spatial types are distinguished. They differ in the distribution of objects in space. So, the frontal represents only one plane of the object, the volume one - several, deep-spatial - shows several perspective plans and the placement of objects in three dimensions.

There is also a tradition to distinguish closed and open compositions in which the author distributes objects either with respect to the center, or in relation to the outer contour. Researchers divide compositional forms into symmetrical and asymmetric, according to the dominant location of objects in space with a certain rhythm. In addition, dynamics and statics in the composition are also the basis for distinguishing the types of the form of the work. They differ in the presence or absence of movement in the work.

Static composition

Stability and statics have special associations in humans. The whole world around tends to move and therefore something permanent, immutable, immovable is perceived as a certain value. Considering the laws of composition, the researchers found that statics is present in almost all forms of art. Artists from antiquity saw a special art and a difficult task in capturing the beauty of some object or object. Static compositions are perceived as emotions of rest, harmony, balance. The search for such a balance is a real challenge to the artist. To solve this problem, the artist uses a variety of means.

Static composition tools

Both statics and dynamics in composition, simple figures in which are the main expressive means, use a different set of forms. Statics are perfectly conveyed by such geometric figures as a rectangle and a square. Static compositions are characterized by a lack of bright contrasts, colors and textures are applied close to each other. Items in compositions do not differ much in size. Such compositions are built on nuances, a game of shades.

Dynamic composition

Dynamics and statics in composition, the definition of which we represent, are solved with the help of traditional expressive means: lines, colors, dimensionality. Dynamics in art is the desire to reflect the transience of life. Like statics, the transmission of motion is a serious artistic task. Since it has multiple characteristics, this problem, unlike statics, has much more solutions. Dynamics evokes a diverse range of emotions, it is associated with the movement of thought and empathy.

Tools for creating dynamics

To convey the sensation of motion, a large range of expressive means is used. These are vertical and wavy lines, the distribution of objects in space, contrast. But the main means is the rhythm, that is, the alternation of objects with a certain interval. Movement, static, rhythm in the composition is always interconnected. In each work you can find the elements of each of these beginnings. But for the dynamics rhythm is a fundamental principle.

Examples of statics and dynamics in composition

Any kind of art can provide samples of static and dynamic compositions. But in the visual arts, it is much easier to find them, since these principles are basic for the visual form. Statics and dynamics in the composition, examples of which we want to present, have always been used by artists. The samples of static compositions are still lifes, which were originally built precisely as a caught moment of stopping motion. Also, many classical portraits are static, for example, Tropinin, Borovikovsky. The embodiment of statics is the painting by K. Malevich "Black Square". Dynamic compositions are many genre, landscape and battle works. For example, "Three" by V. Perov, "Boyarina Morozova" by V. Surikov, "Dance" by A. Matisse.