Diagnosis of suicidal behavior of adolescents: testing. Prevention of suicidal behavior of adolescents in school

Today the problem of teenage suicide is very acute in our society. There are many reasons, for example, the increasing pressure on the unformed psyche of the child on the part of society and the media. On the one hand, they are under constant pressure in the form of high expectations of parents and school teachers. On the other hand, teenagers form their own world of relationships and feelings.

One gets the feeling that every child should be a genius in the field of mathematics and computer science, be able to beautifully sing and dance, draw, speak several languages and many other things. And what about a happy and carefree childhood? That is, the diagnosis of suicidal behavior of a teenager is in fact secondary - you need to provide him with normal conditions for life, and then the risk will noticeably decrease.

Growing up

This is the second factor that can not be discounted. Just yesterday, the child obediently fulfilled all your demands, and today he suddenly realized that his life is completely controlled by adults, and there is almost no room for him. A riot is breaking out, and the level of anxiety and depressiveness again depends on how you handle it, and hence the risk of suicidal thoughts.

These are the basics for parents who need to realize how much depends on our understanding, tolerance and sensitivity. Diagnosis of suicidal behavior of adolescents is a task not so much school psychologists as ours is with you. After all, the child spends a lot of time at home. Careful observation of it - this is a guarantee that you will not miss the alarm bells and will be able to react in time.

Symptoms that should not be left without attention

In fact, they are visible to the naked eye, only because of their employment, we usually ignore them. Peers, teachers and parents - all of them should notice changes with the child. Diagnosis of suicidal behavior of a teenager begins precisely with the noted oddities. It:

• General oppression, lack of interest in anything. The teenager gets up with difficulty in the mornings, with visible effort gathers in school and at the section, is ready to spend all his free time in his room.
• Emotional statements on the topic "I wish I'd never been born."
• Strong preoccupation with death, watching movies with a given theme.
• A pronounced inferiority complex. "I'm no good at anything," "Without me it will be better."
• The state of depression, the expression "Leave me all alone" is also an alarming bell, which can not be ignored.

Thus, the diagnosis of suicidal behavior of adolescents begins in the family. If the parents have suspicions, he can come to a consultation with the school psychologist, in order to agree on a deeper diagnosis and solution of the problem.

Step One: Testing

Of course, a psychologist can not in most cases summon a student and ask a direct question, for example, "Do you want to commit suicide?". Therefore, even seeing obvious signs of behavior change, it is necessary to get the ground for a cautious conversation. For this purpose, prevention of suicidal behavior of adolescents in school is introduced. These are special classes, during which art-therapy techniques are used. Children are offered to draw a death, and then they disassemble the small data in small groups. The psychologist in this case is interested in the first place, what feelings each participant places in his drawing. In most cases, dark colors, sharp lines, ornate drawing of details can talk about a lot.

Prevention of suicidal behavior of adolescents in the school also implies a debate in which children are invited to split into several groups and discuss all the pros and cons of such a way of getting out of life. Let one group try to prove that everyone has the right to personal choice, and the second - to find arguments against this (responsibility, religiosity and much more). Of course, the general conclusion of the lesson should be that depriving yourself of life is an ill-considered act, childishness, that the solution to problems lies entirely in a different plane. Such lessons will give wonderful material for the observation of the school psychologist.

Individual approach

After the thematic open lessons were conducted, it is possible to confirm the conclusions made about the degree of risk of suicide by one or another schoolchildren using special techniques. Offer them is veiled, in the form of general testing. In this case, ask the children, each individually, to approach the results. And be sure to assign time, indicating it on the sheets. So you can carry out a personal conversation with each of them.

We choose the methods

How is the diagnosis of suicidal behavior of adolescents? Testing can involve the use of a variety of techniques, each of which directly or indirectly indicates that the child must necessarily work individually. The first large group is projective methods:

• Drawing tests;
• Color tests by Lusher;
• Pictograms;
• Rorschach stains.

Each of them is quite complicated in processing, but it gives a colossal material to the researcher. The only drawback is that after the testing you will need to have an individual conversation with each subject to confirm your guesses. After all, the choice of color or shape can affect the state of health or the momentary mood, the experience of an event.

Structured methods

They are easier to process and understand, but unfortunately, you can get socially desirable answers. When diagnosing adolescent suicidal behavior, it is desirable to use the techniques without direct reference to what they are researching. For example, a questionnaire of suicidal risk can be called a test by Razuvaeva, by the author's name. It allows to reveal the degree of formation of suicidal intentions. In addition, a number of other tests are used:

• To determine the level of self-esteem.
• 18-factor questionnaire of Cattell.
• Questionnaire of accentuation and psychopathy Shmishek.
• The Bassa-Darkness aggressiveness questionnaire.
• Scale of anxiety.
• A scale for determining the level of depression.

Psychological diagnosis of suicidal behavior in adolescents should be individual. If a specialist sees that there are prerequisites for the commission of violent acts on himself, then it must be translated into an individual form. The teenager needs help and will be happy with the outstretched hand.

Correction

This is an important and large unit for the sake of which the suicidal behavior of adolescents is investigated. Diagnosis, prevention, correction - this is three consecutive steps, which should not forget the school psychologist. So, corrective measures should be carried out both in individual and group mode. And the specialist will need to work with his parents, as well. They need to convey simple truths that a spiny and stubborn teenager needs love no less, and even more. Therefore, hugs and kisses, joint trips to the cinema and theater, to the cafe and the stadium - this is the best way to bring back the sparkle to the eyes and the joy of life. The more often he hears from parents such phrases as "what would we do without you", "you are the best", "I'm near", "I will help", the easier this complicated age will pass.