Deficiency in children: signs and correction. ADHD - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

Attention Deficit Syndrome is the most common neurological and behavioral disorder. This deviation is diagnosed in 5% of children. It is most common in boys. The disease is considered incurable, in most cases the child simply overgrows it. But the pathology does not disappear without a trace. It manifests itself asocial behavior, depression, bipolar and other disorders. To avoid this, it is important to diagnose in time the deficit of attention in children, the signs of which appear in the preschool age.

It is very difficult to distinguish between ordinary pampering and bad manners from really serious violations in mental development. The problem is also that many parents do not want to admit that their child is sick. They believe that unwanted behavior will pass with age. But such a campaign can lead to serious consequences for the health and psyche of the child.

Characteristics of attention deficit disorder

This neurological deviation in development began to be studied 150 years ago. Teachers and psychologists noticed common symptoms in children with behavioral problems and learning disabilities. This is especially noticeable in the team, where it is simply impossible to avoid a child with this pathology, because it is emotionally unstable and can not control itself.

Scientists identified such problems in a separate group. Pathologies were given the name - "attention deficit in children". Symptoms, treatment, causes and consequences are still being studied. Doctors, educators and psychologists try to help such children. But while the disease is considered incurable. Is there a deficit of attention in children? Its signs allow us to distinguish three types of pathology:

1. Just a deficit of attention. The child is distracted, slow, unable to concentrate on something.
2. Hyperactivity. It is manifested by quick temper, impulsiveness and increased motor activity.
3. Mixed view. It occurs most often, so the disorder is often called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD.

Why does such a pathology appear?

Scientists still can not pinpoint the causes of this disease. According to long-term observations, it is established that the appearance of ADHD is provoked by the following factors:

• Genetic predisposition.
• Individual features of the nervous system.
• Bad ecology: polluted air, water, household items. Particularly harmful lead.
• The effect of toxic substances on the body of a pregnant woman: alcohol, drugs, pesticide-contaminated products.
• Complications and pathologies during gestation and labor.
• Traumas or infectious lesions of the brain in early childhood.

By the way, sometimes pathology can cause an unfavorable psychological situation in the family or an incorrect approach to education.

How to diagnose ADHD?

It is very difficult to diagnose "attention deficiency in children" on time. Signs and symptoms of pathology are clearly visible when problems in the learning or behavior of the child are already evident. More often than not, teachers or psychologists start to suspect the presence of a disorder. Many parents discard such abnormalities in behavior at an intermediate age. But after the examination, the psychologist can diagnose a lack of attention in children. The signs, methods of treatment and peculiarities of behavior with such a child parents should be studied in more detail. This is the only way to correct behavior and prevent more serious consequences of pathology in adulthood.

But to confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to conduct a complete examination. In addition, you should observe the child for at least six months. After all, the symptoms can coincide with different pathologies. First of all, it is necessary to exclude disorders of sight and hearing, the presence of brain damage, seizures, developmental delays, exposure to hormonal drugs or poisoning by toxic agents. To do this, psychologists, pediatricians, neurologists, gastroenterologists, therapists, and speech therapists should participate in the examination of the child. In addition, behavioral disorders can be situational. Therefore, the diagnosis is made only with persistent and regular violations, manifested for a long time.

Deficiency in children: signs

How to treat it, scientists have not fully figured out. Complexity is that pathology is difficult to diagnose. After all, her symptoms often coincide with the usual backwardness in development and incorrect education, perhaps, the spoiled child. But there are certain criteria by which pathology can be identified. There are such signs of attention deficit disorder in children:

1. Constant forgetfulness, non-fulfillment of promises and unfinished business.
2. Inability to concentrate attention.
3. Emotional instability.
4. Absent look, immersion in yourself.
5. Absence, which manifests itself in the fact that the child loses something all the time.
6. Such children are not able to concentrate on any one occupation. They do not cope with the cases in which mental effort is required.
7. The child is often distracted.
8. He has a memory impairment and mental retardation.

Hyperactivity in children

Often, attention deficit disorder is accompanied by increased motor activity and impulsivity. In this case, it is even more difficult to diagnose, since such babies usually do not lag behind in development, and their behavior is accepted as ill-bred. How in this case there is a lack of attention in children? Signs of hyperactivity are:

• Excessive talkativeness, inability to listen to the interlocutor.
• Constant restless movements with stops and brushes.
• The child can not sit still, often jumps up.
• Aimless movements in situations when they are inappropriate. It's about running around, jumping.
• Unceremonious interference in other people's games, conversations, classes.
• Motor activity continues even during sleep.

Such children are impulsive, stubborn, capricious and unbalanced. They lack self-discipline. They can not control themselves.

Disorders in the state of health

Not only in behavior there is a lack of attention in children. Signs of it are noticeable in various violations of mental and physical health. Most often it is noticeable by the appearance of depressions, fears, manic behavior or nervous tics. The consequences of this disorder are stammering or enuresis. Children with attention deficit will reduce appetite or sleep disorders. They complain of frequent headaches, fatigue.

Consequences of pathology

In children with such a diagnosis, problems in communication, learning, and often in a state of health are inevitable. Those around him condemn such a child, considering his deviations in behavior as capricious and ill-mannered. This often leads to low self-esteem and bitterness. Such children early start to drink alcohol, drugs, smoke. In adolescence, they have antisocial behavior. They often get injured, engage in fights. Such teenagers can be cruel to animals and even to people. Sometimes they are ready even to kill. In addition, they often manifest mental disorders.

How does the syndrome manifest in adults?

With age, the symptoms of pathology subside. Many people manage to adapt to everyday life. But most often signs of pathology persist. Remains fussiness, constant anxiety and anxiety, irritability and low self-esteem. Relations with people deteriorate, often patients are in constant depression. Sometimes there are manic disorders that can develop into schizophrenia. Many patients find comfort in alcohol or drugs. Therefore, often the disease leads to complete human degradation.

How to treat attention deficit in children?

Signs of pathology can be expressed in different ways. Sometimes a child adjusts, and the disorder becomes less noticeable. But in most cases it is recommended that the disease be treated to improve the life not only for the patient, but also for those around him. Although pathology is considered incurable, certain measures are still taken. Each child is selected individually. Most often these are such methods:

1. Drug treatment.
2. Correction of behavior.
3. Psychotherapy.
4. A special diet that excludes artificial supplements, dyes, allergens and caffeine.
5. Physiotherapeutic procedures - magnetotherapy or transcranial microcurrent stimulation.
6. Alternative methods of treatment - yoga, meditation.

Correction of behavior

Now more often there is a lack of attention in children. Signs and correction of this pathology should be known to all adults who communicate with a sick child. It is believed that completely cure the disease is impossible, but you can correct the behavior of children, to facilitate their adaptation in society. This requires the participation of all people around the child, especially parents and teachers.

Regular regular sessions with a psychologist are effective. They will help the child overcome the desire to act impulsively, to keep oneself in hand and to react properly to the offense. For this, various exercises are used, communicative situations are modeled. The relaxation technique is very useful, which helps to relieve tension. Parents and educators need to constantly encourage the correct behavior of these children. Only a positive reaction will help them to remember for a long time how to act.

Medication

Most drugs that can help a child with attention deficit have many side effects. Therefore, such treatment is used infrequently, mainly in neglected cases, with severe neurological and behavioral abnormalities. The most often prescribed are psychostimulants and nootropic drugs that affect the brain, promote normalization of attention and improve blood supply. Antidepressants and sedatives are also used to reduce hyperactivity. The most common drugs for the treatment of ADHD are the following drugs: Methylphenidate, Imipramine, Nootropin, Fokalin, Cerebrolysin, Dexedrine, Stratter.

Tips for parents

Together, teachers, psychologists and other professionals can help the child. But the main work falls on the shoulders of the child's parents. This is the only way to overcome the attention deficit in children. Signs and treatment of pathology adults must be studied. And in communicating with the child to observe certain rules:

• Spend more time with the baby, play and play with it.
• Show how much they love him.
• Do not give the child difficult and excessive tasks. Explanations should be clear and understandable, and tasks - quickly implementable.
• Constantly increase the self-esteem of the child.
• Children with hyperactivity need to go in for sports.
• It is necessary to observe a strict regime of the day.
• Unwanted behavior of the child should be gently suppressed, and the right actions should be encouraged.
• Do not overwork. Children must have enough rest.
• Parents need to remain calm in all situations, to be an example for the baby.
• For learning it is better to find a school where an individual approach is possible. In some cases, home schooling is possible.

Only an integrated approach to education will help the child to adapt to adult life and overcome the consequences of pathology.