Medical examination is one of the types of medical and preventive care, consisting in the examination of various categories of people with the purpose of early detection of diseases and determination of the general state of health. Currently, these types of surveys are mandatory for every employee who performs his professional duties in a production harmful to health.
For tasks and character, all medical examinations can be conditionally divided into three main types: preliminary, periodic and target. Preliminary examination makes it possible to identify with a high degree of accuracy the professional suitability of a particular person. Such a medical examination takes place at the time of employment and admission to the educational institution. During these examinations, doctors identify the presence or predisposition to certain diseases, which under certain conditions of work can become aggravated and begin to progress. If the medical examination is successful, the medical commission will issue an official certificate stating that the future employee can be admitted to work.
Periodic examinations are conducted by employees to confirm their professional suitability for health reasons, as well as for the timely detection of occupational diseases. For example, a regular medical examination of drivers is carried out. It is organized to ensure the safety of people, reduce the risk of traffic accidents and other accidents on the road.
All persons subjected to periodic and preliminary medical examinations can be divided into three large groups. The first category includes employees of organizations, enterprises and institutions that have direct contact with various harmful and toxic substances. The second group includes workers of children's, food and individual institutions of public utility use, who, without fail, undergo bacteriological research upon admission to work, and then after a certain period of time in order to identify infectious diseases. The third category consists of students from various educational institutions, teenagers, schoolchildren and preschool children.
Targeted medical examinations are organized for the early detection of such diseases as, for example, tuberculosis, gynecological diseases or malignant neoplasms, and also in cases of any suspicion of the doctor who conducted the examination. In this case, the person is asked to take the detailed analysis. Most often, such a medical examination is carried out either through one-stage examinations in organized work collectives, or by the individual admission of all persons who have applied for help to the appropriate medical institution.
For healthy people, as a rule, annual surveys are organized. For people with risk factors, the deadlines are set individually, but at least twice a year.