Complications of intramuscular injection. Technique of correct execution

Intramuscular injection is the most common and easiest way to administer medications. However, if improperly performed, complications of intramuscular injections may occur, which can be avoided if the manipulation is performed correctly.

Features of the procedure

Before the injection, careful preparation is necessary. It not only makes it possible to correctly inject, but also reduces the risk of complications. To begin it is necessary with the theoretical skills, allowing to put intramuscular injections. How correctly to do an injection in the buttock and in the thigh? For convenience, all manipulation is conditionally divided into stages.

Step 1. Preparation of equipment for the injection. Prepare a syringe, medicines, alcohol and 4 cotton balls or disposable alcohol wipes. It will be necessary to have a container in which the cotton wool and syringe will be placed before and after the injection.

Step 2. Disinfection of the ampoule and a set of medicines are carried out. Take the ampoule with the medicine and carefully read the inscription, check the volume, dosage, expiration date. Then take alcoholic napkin and it is wiped off the ampoule at the point of dissection. Then the medicine is taken. During this, it must be ensured that the needle does not touch the walls of the ampoule. After removing the needle from the ampoule, a cap is put on it.

Stage 3. Take alcoholic napkin, and it processes the injection site, the direction from the center to the periphery. Then another napkin is taken, another treatment is performed for the injection site, but smaller diameter. This is necessary in order to avoid complications of intramuscular injections in the form of inflammation.

Step 4. Take a syringe, raise the needle up and, without removing the cap, air is released from it. Then the cap is removed and a sharp movement, at a right angle, is the injection. Drugs are injected slowly, with the same amount of pressure on the plunger of the syringe.

Stage 5. After administration of the drug, the needle is sharply removed, an alcoholic napkin is applied to the injection site.

Where to stab

To avoid complications, it is not enough to know how exactly intramuscular injections are done, how to properly do it in the thigh, buttock - this is no less important.

To perform the injection in the buttock, you need to "divide" it into four squares. The injection is performed in the upper outer square.

For injection into the hip, the front surface of the thigh is also divided into four parts. The injection is done in the outer upper corner.

If the procedure is not properly performed, there are various complications of intramuscular injection.

Infiltrate

Signs of pathology are the presence of densification and marked soreness of the injection site. Infiltrates occur due to a violation of the method of drug administration, when using underheated oil solutions, as well as with multiple injections in the same place.

In order not to infiltrate, it is necessary to carefully choose the place for injection, alternate the buttocks, and monitor the temperature of the drugs administered and perform the manipulation correctly.

If there were complications of intramuscular injections in the form of an infiltrate, then you should apply a heating pad to the sore spot or make a warming compress. Iodine mesh helps to accelerate the resorption of the compaction.

Abscess

If a violation of the rules of asepsis appears abscess. This is a purulent inflammation that has a clear boundary. Signs of the pathology are pain, redness of the skin above the abscess with a clear border, as well as a rise in body temperature.

To avoid the appearance of an abscess, you must follow the rules of asepsis. However, in cases where a complication has arisen, surgical treatment is prescribed by opening and draining the cavity.

Needle breakage

In rare cases, post-injection complications with intramuscular injections can be triggered by needle breakage. This is due to a strong muscle spasm during the procedure, because of a bad needle, and also because of the insertion of the needle to the cannula itself. To avoid breakage of the needle, it is inserted into the tissue to a depth of no more than 2/3 of its length. During the procedure, the patient must lie down.

If the needle breaks, use tweezers to remove it. There are cases when the chip goes too deep into the tissue and it can not be reached. In this case, a surgical extraction is performed.

Embolism

Another possible complication with intramuscular injection is air and oil embolism. Signs of pathology are similar. During the procedure, oil or air enters the vessel and reaches the pulmonary vessels with blood flow. The result is suffocation, leading to the death of the patient.

Oily embolism arises from the ingress of solution into the vessel with intramuscular injection. To avoid this, during injection, you should inject the solution in a two-step method.

Avoidance of air embolism helps to comply with the rules for the introduction of drugs in / m, namely - carefully displace air from the syringe.

Nerve damage

If the injection site is incorrectly chosen, or when the needle passes near the nerve trunk, neuritis or limb paralysis may occur. To prevent this from happening, you need to carefully choose the places for injection.

Hematoma

Inaccurate implementation of intramuscular injection can provoke the appearance of a hematoma. Prevention of education is the use of acute injection needles for im injection and compliance with manipulation techniques.

Treatment of complications of intramuscular injections in the form of hematomas occurs by applying an alcohol compress to the site of injection. To accelerate the resolution of the hematoma, it is possible to apply various ointments recommended by the attending physician.

When performing intramuscular injection, it is necessary not only to know the theory of manipulation itself, but also to be able to apply the knowledge gained in practice. Observance of all norms will avoid complications.