Combat rate of fire PM - how many shots per minute? Makarov's pistol: characteristics

The Makarov pistol (PM 9 mm) is a semi-automatic pistol, which in 1951 replaced the TT pistol and the revolver of the Nagan system. It was developed by Makarov Nikolai Fedorovich, a Soviet designer, who also developed some other weapons used for weapons. PM, simple and reliable, has been and remains in service with law enforcement agencies and the armed forces of the Russian Federation, as well as in a number of other countries (Georgia, Syria, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Ukraine and others). However, in Russia now began a slow replacement with his pistol Yarygin, PMM and some other models. What is the peculiarity of this weapon, we will understand later.

Civil versions of the PM

Because of their recognizability, non-combat versions are popular, for example, the traumat of the PM "Vii" and other versions (PM-RF, "Berkut", PMR, PMM, PM-T), as well as pneumatic and gas (for example, the gas pistol "Makarych" With rubber bullets).

Durability and simplicity in operation have made the Makarov pistol popular, the price of it (from 3 thousand rubles for a traumatism of PM) is also a good plus to all indicators, so there are many civil modifications of the Makarov pistol. PM in Russia is often produced in the form of pneumatic weapons (again, in view of its recognizability). There are models both domestic and foreign. For example, MR-654 - a copy of the Makarov pistol from IZHMEH.

Prior to the release of the "Weapons Act", the combat PM (so-called hunting), which in large quantities remained in Soviet-era warehouses, was often converted into traumatic weapons. Changes at the same time were minimal: the brand of the "manufacturer" and protective elements, which do not allow it to be converted into combat PM. However, now all the more or less new non-combat models are new, but they are made of the same weapon steel.

German firm UMAREX also produces several models, such as Umarex PM Ultra and Makarov, and 6 mm gas cylinder Legends Makarov. The American company SMG is releasing a version of the Gletcher PM, which has a fixed shutter frame. The same version with a fixed frame is available from Borner - another company from the USA, called BORNER PM49 and manufactured in Taiwan.

In Russia, as a large number of modifications as combat (PMM, has a higher capacity of the store - 12 rounds, and a more powerful cartridge 9x18), and civil, for example, "Baikal" 443 (sports pistol), MR-442 "SKIF" with a polymer frame , And a whole series IZH70, released on the market, as a commercial sports pistol. Combat PM also has a number of modifications.

Muffler

There is a misconception that the PB pistol is a PM with a silencer, which is fundamentally not true. Despite the fact that the PB (the gun is noiseless) and has parts taken from the design of the PM (the store and, as a fragile part, the shock-trigger mechanism), these are two completely different weapons. In the USSR there were attempts to manufacture PM with a silencer, but it did not go beyond the experimental lot: the level of sound reduction was insufficient, and because of the lengthening of the barrel, the speed of the bolt retraction increased, which accelerated the wear of the mechanism. Probably, after this, in 1967, the BOP was adopted.

Now some countries (China, the United States and a number of others) produce not combat modifications of the Makarov pistol with a silencer.

What is the Makarov pistol designed for?

Several dozens of Soviet masters participated in the competition held in the Soviet Army in 1948. The aim was to find a replacement for the outdated revolver Nagan and the TT pistol, still in service.

Pistol of Tula Tokarev, developed in 1930, is light enough and compact, convenient for wearing, but has a number of shortcomings. One of them is the cases of a spontaneous shot (such a case is described in the book "Almost Seriously" by Yuri Nikulin), as a result of which the gun was forbidden to be worn with a patron sent to the chamber. Another drawback was the absence of gate delay. All this led to the fact that the TT gun was brought into combat readiness for a long time, and this could cost an operative or a soldier of life, because the account sometimes goes for a second. There were also controversial shortcomings, for example the fact that he was not suitable for shooting from the embrasure of the tank. Although many considered this requirement to be absurd, German pistols answered him.

In addition, it was necessary to have weapons that would be light, compact and convenient, and, most importantly, as quickly as possible would be brought into the shooting state. For the sample was given a German pistol "Walter PP", the release of which began in 1929. Several excellent samples were presented, but the design of the Makarov pistol was recognized as the best. The PM was adopted in the Soviet law enforcement agencies and armed forces three years after the development, during this time the mechanism was finalized, some small changes were made.

Although the designer Makarov and was taken as the basis of "Walter PP", he substantially revised it. The design and handling of the gun were simplified, the components became multifunctional, their strength increased, which increased the service life and reliability.

Known Makarov pistol in 1949 production, which is still working, although has a shot of about fifty thousand shots. This is impressive, considering that the military spring PM is designed for 4 thousand shots (this is the "standard" value for many pistols, for example, for the same pistol Yarygin).

Initially, according to the requirements of the contest, it was necessary to present the model in two versions, for the caliber of 7x65 mm and 9 mm. The PM uses a 9x18mm cartridge, instead of 8x17mm. The bullet of the new caliber showed a better stopping action than the 7.62x25 mm bullet of the TT gun, although it had less power. Less power allowed the construction of a free shutter and fixed barrel.

First of all, because of the smaller capacity of the cartridge, the PM is designed to fire at a short distance, up to 50 meters, although the bullet strength of the bullet is up to 350 meters.

Design

There are also significant differences in the device USM, and the main advantage was the lever of the gate delay, added by Makarov. The PM gun shop and fuse also received some changes. Combining the functions of parts in the design of the PM made it simpler, and the parts themselves are much smaller, compared with the "Walter PP". Thus, for example, the gate delay in the design of the Makarov pistol has the function of a sleeve reflector, and the battle spring is also a whisper spring, a cocking lever, and when set to a safety lock, the trigger spring is released. The spring of the bottom latch of the magazine is the lower end of the fighting spring.

In the original version parts of the parts, for example, the fuse and the fighting spring, had a complex shape, but over time, new technologies were used to reduce production costs.

"Walter PP" had a delay in shooting, caused by the fact that the cartridge was poking into the bevel of the chamber. Makarov almost completely eliminated this problem and achieved a better ratio of the height of the cartridge with the slope of the bevel of the chamber, therefore, together with the high location of the upper cartridge in the store, the risk of sticking the cartridge into the bevel is practically eliminated.

PM Technical Characteristics

Shooting is made by single shots. In connection with the simplification of the mechanism, compared with the "Walter PP", the combat rate of fire of the PM fell somewhat. Shots per minute Makarov's gun can make 30, against 35-40 shots in the PP.

The weight of the pistol with a full magazine is 810 g.

Charged PM 9 mm cartridges (pistol cartridges 9x18), the store has a capacity of 8 pieces.

The length of the pistol is 161 mm, height - 126.75 mm. The trunk of the Makarov pistol has 4 cuts, caliber 9 mm. The length of the cartridge for the PM is 25 mm, the weight of the cartridge is 10 g, and the bullet weighs 6.1 g.
Each pistol is supplied with a spare magazine, a holster, a pistol strap and a rub.

Shooting from a pistol

At the heart of the action of the PM is the return with a free shutter. Due to the elasticity of the return spring on the stem and the weight of the bolt, the barrel is locked. USM with an open trigger, double action. A free drummer, theoretically, can lead to a spontaneous shot when falling from a high altitude or another strong mechanical impact, because it does not have a spring that would hold it in the rear position. However, Makarov did not consider this possibility sufficient.

When a shot is struck by a trigger on the striker, as a result of which the cartridge capsule is broken. The powder charge ignites, powder gases are formed, under the pressure of which the bullet is thrown out of the barrel. Also, under the pressure of the gases passing through the bottom of the shell, the bolt moves back. He holds the liners with the ejector, thereby compressing the return spring. Upon contact with the reflector, the sleeve through the shutter window pops out.

Another difference from the "Walter PP" is the recharge with the fuse on. In the PP there is no lock of the shutter, so there is a possibility of recharging, and in the PM the shutter is blocked. Makarov's pistol can be put on the fuse after the magazine is inserted, and the cartridge is sent to the chamber. Safely the combat cocking platoon is safely removed, it moves away from the drummer, is blocked in the same way as the trigger triggered by the fuse that is fired.

In the "Walter PP" lever fuse before shooting should be brought to the top position, and in the PM - in the lower, which is more convenient. It is on the left, on the back of the shutter. When shooting, there is a feature: the first pull of the trigger, made after lowering the flag of the fuse, will require more effort (approximately 3.5 kg), since the trigger is on the safety platoon and the self-cocking of the pistol is used. With subsequent shots, the trigger will already be put into the position of the combat platoon, and for the shot it will take a small push (1.5 kg), which also largely depends on the combat rate of the PM.

For greater accuracy of the first shot, after removing the pistol from the fuse, it is possible to cock the trigger manually, the trigger is then retracted, and in that case, for the first shot, it will also be easy enough to pull the trigger.
The next shot can only be made after releasing the trigger
(Since the PM is not intended for shooting with a burst). Each new push will lead to a shot until all the cartridges in the store have been expended. In this case, the shutter, having become the gate delay, remains in the rear position.

Parts and mechanisms of Makarov's pistol

The pistol has 32 parts, and the following main parts:
- score;
- gate delay;
- frame with trigger guard and trunk;
- Handle with screw;
- USM (shock-trigger mechanism);
- return spring;
- a shutter with a fuse, an ejector and a drummer.

Disassembly of the gun

Firearms, pistols in particular, require constant inspection. This will help to identify defects in time and prevent possible problems. Complete and incomplete disassembly is possible. Complete disassembly should not be done too often, as this speeds up the wear process of the parts of the mechanism, and reduces the service life. Incomplete disassembly is quite enough for inspection, preventive lubrication or cleaning after firing, the full is only necessary when cleaning after extreme weather conditions (getting the gun in water or snow, repairing or switching to a new lubricant).

There are a number of rules that must be observed when assembling and disassembling a pistol:
- disassembly and assembly is carried out on a clean surface;
- put the parts in the order of assembly;
- careful handling of mechanisms, without sudden impacts and excessive efforts;
- when assembling several pistols: look at the numbering of parts, so as not to confuse the details of the pistols with each other.

Incomplete disassembly for cleaning and inspection

The store is removed from the base of the handle. With your right hand, grab it, then take the store latch back with the right thumb, and use your index finger to pull the cover of the magazine, holding onto the protruding part. In this way, the store is retrieved.

It is necessary to make sure that there is no cartridge in the chamber, for this you need to remove the gun from the safety catch, with your left hand, hold the bolt all the way back, putting it on the gate delay, and then inspect the chamber. With your right thumb, press the gate delay and lower the shutter.

Then follows the separation of the shutter from the frame. With your right hand, take the gun by the handle, left - lower the trigger guard. Screw it to the left until it stops in the frame, then continue to support it in this position with your right index finger.

With your left hand, hold the bolt from the back to the stop and raise it from the rear, and due to the action of the return spring, it will move forward, after which it can be separated from the frame. The next step is to return the trigger guard to the place.

Remove the return spring. With your right hand, hold the frame by the handle, remove the spring from the barrel, rotating your left hand.

Build order

Assembly begins in reverse order, with the return to the place of the return spring. With your right hand, take the frame by the handle, and put the spring on the barrel with your left hand. Important: it is necessary to put it on the end, where the last coil is smaller than the diameter of the others.

The next step is to attach the bolt to the frame. With your right hand, hold the frame by the handle, with the left hand holding the bolt, insert the opposite end of the return spring into the shutter channel, then take it to the extreme position, so that the muzzle comes out through the shutter channel. Then the rear part of the bolt should be lowered onto the frame, and its longitudinal protrusions should fit in the grooves of the frame. After this, lower it, while tightly pressing the bolt. It will come to the front position under the pressure of the return spring, then lift the safety switch.

When assembling a pistol, it is not necessary to make the deflection of the trigger bracket as if it were dismantled. It is possible to raise the rear end of the bolt so that its lower front wall does not bury itself in the trigger of the trigger guard, which restricts the bolt in its reverse motion.

Finally - return the store to the base of the handle. Holding the gun with your right hand, insert the store into the bottom window at the base of the handle, holding it with the thumb and index finger of your left hand. Pressing on the cover of the store, but not at all with a stroke of the palm, bring it to the desired position, at which the latch will jump behind the ledge, which is available from the end wall of the store.

On top of that, you need to check that the assembly is done correctly. To do this, switch on the fuse, pull back and release the bolt. If everything is done correctly, then, advancing slightly forward, the bolt should stand on the gate delay, which will leave it in the rear position. Then, with your right thumb, lower the bolt to the gate delay. Under the pressure of the return spring, it will be energetically returned to the forward position. The trigger will be on the battle platoon. Then you need to raise the flag of the fuse up, then the trigger will be removed from the combat platoon and will be blocked.

Accuracy and accuracy of fire

Shooting from a pistol during the test of combat is made from a distance of 25 m along a round target with a diameter of 25 cm, which is installed on the shield 1x0.5 m. If four holes fit into a circle with a diameter no more than 15 cm, the accuracy is considered normal. When shot, the bullet has a speed of 315 m / sec.

For its type, the Makarov pistol has good accuracy. The scattering radius for firing from 10 m is 35 mm, from 25 m - 75 mm, and from 50 m - 160 mm.

Combat rate of fire PM

According to the actual rate of fire, the PM is significantly inferior to the PP, but was recognized as the best because of many other characteristics and has been in service for more than fifty years in the Russian Federation, and this is comparable to the famous three-line (Mosin's sniper rifle, which was in service with the Russian army from 1881 to 1945). Although the revolver of Nagan's system is somewhat superior to them: he was in service with the army for almost 117 years. States that do not have their own school for the production of weapons, also still operate the PM.

Now the gradual replacement of the PM with a PJ has begun. Combat rate of fire of the PM compared to the pistol Yarygin has a difference of 5 rounds per second (35 for the PY against 30 for the PM), as well as for the double-row magazine (18 rounds against 8 for the PM) with the same accuracy of fire. The speed of the PI bullet is higher by 100 m / sec. However, the PJ is somewhat larger (198 mm in length versus 168 in the PM), and heavier (weight of the PJ is 910 g with an empty magazine, this is 100 grams more than the weight of the PM with a full magazine).

There are two indicators of rate of fire: technical and combat. Technical is determined by how many cartridges per minute can the gun emerge, without taking into account the time required for reloading and sight (which can vary from 1.5 seconds for hand weapons, up to 20-30 seconds for anti-aircraft guns targeting horizontally and vertically).

Determining what the combat rate of a 9 mm PM pistol is, in practice, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of an arrow and weather conditions, which often increase the time required for the aiming. The average for all semi-automatic pistols: 30-40 shots per second. APS (Automatic Stechkin pistol) produces 40/90 shots per second (single shot and burst shooting respectively). Therefore, the combat rate of the PM most depends on the shooter and the time required to replace the store.

At the rate of fire, the PM, as well as the TT, surpassed the outdated Nagan revolver, although the latter had two modifications, soldier and officer. In the officer's "Nagane" there was a self-cocking device. However, all weapons produced in Russia have similarities: reliability and ease of use, unpretentiousness in bad weather conditions (although this does not eliminate the need for cleaning), as well as high maintainability. Makarov's pistol did not become an exception. The price was also always acceptable, although the Nagan demanded a rather high qualification of the workers in its production.