Urinalysis: transcript and preparation

The most common, simple, but informative study is the analysis of urine. Deciphering it is a task that requires certain knowledge. However, if it is carried out correctly, it is able to give an idea not only of the state of the urinary system, but of the whole organism.

Today, it is recommended that all urine users consult a doctor. It does not matter what their complaints are and the expected diagnosis. Also, this study should be carried out with preventive examinations, after infectious diseases, in the presence of pathologies of the urinary organs.

The fact is that many formidable diseases can be asymptomatic, for example, glomerulonephritis. Often, they can only be suspected of deviations in the analysis of urine. Therefore it is so important to take it regularly.

The results of the study will be reliable only if the rules for collecting, transporting and storing urine are observed. First you need to buy a sterile container in the pharmacy, which is specially provided for this. In the morning after the toilet the genitals collect urine. The resulting material is delivered within an hour to the laboratory.

Usually the result is ready on the same day. Although the analysis takes several hours. In some laboratories for an additional fee it will be done quickly. Further, the deciphering of the general analysis of urine should be carried out by the competent doctor and it is better the urologist, and at suspicion on a pathology of kidneys - the nephrologist.

The list of indicators determined in the study depends on the laboratory, however, it is basically the following (in parentheses the norms are indicated):

• Salt (no);
• Ketone bodies (no);
• Mucus (no);
• Creatinine (no);
• Epithelium (single);
• Cylinders (no);
• Erythrocytes (single);
• Nitrite (no);
• Leukocytes (up to 6 in sp.).
• Sugar (no);
• Protein (no);
• Specific weight (1010-1027);
• Reaction (neutral);
• Transparency (full);
• yellow color);
• Ascorbic acid (no);
• Bilirubin (no);
• Urobilinogen (positive);
• Bacteria, fungi, parasites (no).

If a urine sample is submitted by the patient, the transcript is carried out taking into account all indicators, as well as complaints and data from other examinations. Particular attention in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system should be turned on protein, white blood cells, bacteria, erythrocytes, transparency. It is the deviation of these indicators from the norm that causes the urologist to suspect cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis and / or pyelonephritis.

In the kidneys and in the bladder, the urine is normally sterile. Bacteria in a small amount appear in it when passing through the urethra. However, if there are too many of them in the analysis, then it is necessary to sow the crop. This study will help them identify and pick up the drug to which they are sensitive.

Muddy urine becomes when there is a large number of leukocytes, bacteria, epithelium, salts. Detection of erythrocytes indicates the presence of bleeding, which can be with urolithiasis, tumors, inflammations. The presence of nitrite is a sign of the presence of bacteria.

The appearance in the urine of the cylinders indicates a lesion of the kidneys. Usually, together with them, their epithelium and protein are found. The presence of salts can indicate urolithiasis. The presence in the material of leukocytes in increased amounts is a clear sign of inflammation.

If bilirubin contains urinalysis, the deciphering of this may be the following - the patient has cholestasis, cirrhosis, mechanical jaundice or viral hepatitis. The level of urobilinogen increases with intestinal diseases, liver damage.

So, the analysis of urine, the interpretation of which is carried out by a competent specialist, can tell a lot about the patient's health. However, it is a simple and inexpensive study. To obtain reliable results, urine must be properly collected and transported.