Classification of personal protective equipment. Norms of personal protective equipment

Human organs are very vulnerable to external harmful factors. How to protect them in the conditions of production, and even in such a way that you can do business? This is achieved through the use of protective equipment, both individual and collective, although the latter, as a rule, do not stand out particularly.

What is PPE?

This means for the full protection or reduction of the impact on workers of production factors that are harmful and (or) dangerous to humans (TC RF, article 209).

PPE is needed when the safety of the worker is not provided by the design of the process equipment, the technology of production itself or by means of collective protection (for example, general ventilation systems, dust extraction, etc.).

All PPE must meet the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of PPE" TR TS 019/2011.

Traditional classification of personal protective equipment

There are two approaches to this classification. According to the first of them, as a classification feature, a human organ or body system is selected, for the protection of which PPE is intended. So, personal respiratory protection (PPE) protect the respiratory system, eyes - SIZG, skin - PPE. Further in each of these classes, PPE allocates its subclasses by the principle of carrying out a protective action (for example, filtering PPE, isolating PPE, etc.). This is a traditional classification, originating from the old Soviet system of labor protection.

Modern PPE classification

The new classification of personal protective equipment in the above technical regulations of the TS is built on the basis of harmful factors, to protect against which they are intended. Here is a list of these factors, for each of which a certain PPE protection group is intended:

1. Mechanical factors.

1.1. Actually mechanical factors:

- punctures and cuts;

- abrasion;

- noise;

- vibration;

- Possible capture by moving parts of mechanisms;

- blows to different parts of the body;

- falling from height.

1.2. General industrial pollution.

1.3. Water and aqueous solutions of surfactants.

1.4. Non-toxic dust:

- fiberglass and asbestos dust;

- explosive, fine and large-fraction dust.

1.5. Slippery surfaces:

- covered with oily and oily film;

- icy.

2. Chemical factors:

2.1. Toxic chemicals in all aggregate states.

2.2. Acidic solutions.

2.3. Alkaline solutions.

2.4. Solvents organic, and also paint and varnish products.

2.5. Oil, oil products, fats and oils.

3. Biophaktors:

3.1. Microbes.

3.2. Insects.

4. Radiation factors:

4.1. Pollution.

4.2. Radiation.

5. Temperature factors, sparks and sprays of molten metal.

6. Electric arc, thermal radiation (including open flame), electric shock, electromagnetic field and static electricity.

7. Reduced visibility.

By the way, in each of the above groups, the classification of personal protective equipment is conducted on the basis of a protected human body or body system. So, in the PPE group, to protect against chemical agents, there are respiratory equipment and SIZG, and in the group of protection from mechanical factors - PPE for the legs, hands, head, face.

Special personal protective equipment

If we consider PPE for employees, there are different types of overalls and special footwear. Such protective clothing may simply be designed to protect the worker from general industrial contamination, or is specially designed to prevent it from being caught by moving parts of machines and installations, or to be sewn from abrasion resistant fabric.

Overalls on protection group 5 should not burn and foul in an open flame for 30 seconds, should be resistant to splashes of molten metal for 30-50 seconds. The safety footwear for protection group 5 should prevent metal sprays from getting inside and not burn from short-term contact with an open flame.

Special clothing is designed for protection against radiation. It should not unduly restrain movements, and when removed and put on - create the danger of contamination with radioactive fallout. When decontaminating with water and special solutions, these clothes are designed to prevent them from swelling up to 10 minutes. The materials from which it is made must be resistant to several consecutive contaminations and decontamination procedures.

Modern respiratory protection

Personal respiratory protection means the most common type of PPE in industry and in everyday life. Among them, along with all the known respirators and industrial gas masks (filtering, insulating and hosing), there are also new RPEs. These include self-rescuers and breathing apparatus - special equipment for protecting the respiratory system from various aggressive environments. Self-rescuers can rightfully be referred to special RPCs, as they are not intended for industrial use, but are used for emergency evacuations from zones of man-made disasters, smoke and fires, as well as in emergencies caused by poisonous substances, radioactive dust and hazardous biosubstances.

Types of self-rescuers

Filtering self-rescuers are advanced filter masks equipped with a fire-resistant hood with a viewing window. They are adapted for use by people with long hair, high hairstyles wearing glasses.

Isolating self-rescuers divert exhalation products from the body and deliver purified and suitable air to the breath. Such devices can operate from portable cylinders with oxygen or compressed air. Such means of individual protection of respiratory organs are designed for work both in liquid media and in anoxic gas mediums through an open cycle with the release of exhalation products into the atmosphere.

There are also isolating self-rescuers of a closed cycle with the absorption of respiratory products by a chemical regenerator. In this case, chemically bound oxygen is released from the regenerative product for respiration. Such a device can be stored for a long time in a state of complete readiness and constantly carried with itself.

Electroprotective agents

Classification of personal protective equipment belonging to protection group 6 and united by the common name "electroprotective means" has its own peculiarities. Here, as a classification feature, the way in which the means protects the employee against external influences is chosen. So, if the protection is carried out by electrically isolating the body of the worker from the conductive parts of the equipment, then the facility belongs to the group of isolating PPE, which, in turn, is divided into two subgroups: primary and secondary.

If the tool makes it impossible or makes it difficult for an employee to access these parts of the equipment, then it belongs to the group of PPE enclosures. The creation of obstacles to the propagation of electromagnetic fields in the form of various screens is a sign of the screening group of PPE. And, finally, if the task of the tool is to warn the employee of the danger that threatens him or his colleagues, then it belongs to the group of warning PPE.

Responsibilities of employers in relation to PPE

Employers are required by law to purchase and issue for use personal protective equipment workers. In this case, PPE should be suitable for employees, taking into account their growth, size and gender, and the appointment must meet the conditions and nature of work.

One of the basic standards that determine the requirements for the acquisition process, the procedure for issuing, the rules of application and storage, as well as for the care of PPE, are the Interindustry rules for the provision of workers with overalls, special footwear and other PPE approved by Order No. 290n of the Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of Russia from 01.06.2009.

Model norms governing the free issue of PPE

Both for the entire economy and for its individual sectors, the norms for issuing personal protective equipment are defined in a number of regulations issued by the federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation, the main of which are orders and resolutions of the Ministry of Health and Social Development, as well as orders and decisions of its predecessor, the Ministry of Labor and Social Development. A full list of these standards can be found on the website of the currently existing Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.

The LC RF permits employers, in agreement with the trade union committees of the enterprises, to establish their own standards for the issuance of personal protective equipment in order to improve the degree of protection of employees.

State inspectors for labor protection and trade union organizations have the right to agree on the replacement of employers of PPE types included in the standard norms with others in order to ensure greater protection of employees. Those types of PPE, the issuance of which does not provide for standard standards of personal protective equipment, may be issued by employers to employees at workplaces that are certified for compliance with the requirements of labor legislation.

Rules for the application of PPE

Legislation on labor protection in the Russian Federation requires workers to correctly apply the PPE issued by them, and from employers to take measures to prevent them from working without PPE or with defective PPE, as well as in defective and dirty work clothes and special footwear. Employees must protect the personal protective equipment they have issued for their use. The application assumes that employees should notify employers about the need to repair or test PPE, to put in order work clothes and safety shoes by carrying out the procedures specified in Interdepartmental Regulations No. 290n.

By issuing PPE, as well as PPE, protecting from falling from height, the employer should conduct instruction on the rules of using them, as well as train workers in their application.

Electro-protective means of individual protection of workers must be subjected to mechanical and electrical operational tests strictly within the time limits prescribed by the rules for their use.