Classification of information resources. What parameters are used to classify information resources

In our computerized age, the notion of information occupies a special place in the life of society. The parameters used at the present stage of human development for the classification of information resources are very diverse. That is why you can meet several types of information data sharing into classes and groups. However, in general terms, the classification of world information resources for any method of their separation is almost the same. The difference can consist only in certain conditional criteria, when some types of information resources (IR) can be assigned to a certain group according to subjective criteria.

The concept of information resources and their classification (main types)

If you look at the concept of information or information resources in the broadest interpretation of these terms, they can be described as certain information about the surrounding world, the processes occurring in it, people, objects, events, phenomena, facts, etc., regardless of the form of presentation, Received by a person with a subsequent display in his mind.

On this basis, information resources are considered to be arrays of documents or separately taken documents that are stored in appropriate systems (data banks, the Internet, libraries, funds, archives, communication channels, etc.).

Classification of information resources is made using some basic criteria or features that allow to divide the RI into several large classes, and first of all, in terms of accessibility: public (open), private (with limited access), personal information. But only these criteria, the separation of R & D into main types is not limited.

Types of information resources and their classification

In a more extended version, grouping can be done with additional criteria. And first of all, it should be noted that at the present stage of the development of society the concept of information, or IR, is inextricably linked with documentation (this is the so-called documented information). It is understood that information of any type is recorded or stored on a certain type of media (print, computer media, servers, communication channels, etc.).

In addition, such parameters are separately applied to the classification of information resources, such as separation into stationary and mobile.

The main directions in the classification of IR

If we talk about the main directions in the division of R & D into classes by some criteria, you can meet quite a few different views.

However, among all the signs on which the classification of information resources is made, the most basic ones can be distinguished:

• By source of creation;
• By degree of access;
• By purpose;
• By the mode of presentation and type of medium;
• By the form of ownership;
• By the method of organization and storage;
• By content;
• On language and national-territorial or geographical grounds;
• By level of competence, etc.

The biggest class among all is the sign of content. This will be discussed separately. Consider the remaining sections.

Among the sources of the creation of IR are primary and secondary. This includes the division into legal and non-legal (undocumented) information, which remains outside the regulatory field in terms of legal norms.

In an access-based partition, this can be public or private information with limited access (for example, state, official, commercial secret or personal data).

In the designated purpose, the following information resources are most often allocated:

• Personal;
• Corporate;
• Business resources;
• MASS MEDIA;
• Political;
• Educational;
• Cultural;
• Resources of organizations and institutions;
• Services and services;
• entertainment;
• sport;
• recreation;
• Bulletin boards;
• Storage of software and multimedia, and so on.

Now let's see what parameters are used to classify information resources by the way they are presented.

As a rule, the concepts of hard copies (books, newspapers, magazines, machine-printed documents), magnetic and electronic (digital) media (audio and video recordings, photo and film, CDs, removable memory devices, computer hard disks) and means Communication (radio, TV, networks).

Among the forms of ownership are private (personal, corporate), state and municipal, federal, joint (collective), national property.

In terms of organization and storage, the classification of information resources is partially related to the types of media (print media and digital media), and also provides for the concepts of libraries, funds, archives, databases, document files and automated forms.

With national-territorial affiliation, I think everything is clear, but in terms of degree of competence, the division is based on the orientation of the mass or professional user.

Types of subjects in the concept of IR

As for the subjects of IR, there are three main types:

• Citizens of states or stateless persons;
• Organization;
• Authorities of the state of any level.

Classification by content

Consider the largest section of the distribution of IR - in content - as an example of classifying information resources according to a given criterion. In general, it includes the following large groups:

• Thematic and scientific publications;
• reference Information;
• advertising;
• news;
• Bibliographic publications.

If you look at these aspects a little more broadly, another example can be cited as an example:

• Business information (economics, finance, commerce, business, statistics);
• Socio-political and legal information;
• Scientific and technical information;
• Consumer and other mass information;
• Electronic transactions;
• Computer technology and communications.

Naturally, any classification of information resources, offered today for the distribution of IR on certain grounds, may differ from the other similar. However, at the moment we are more interested in electronic information.

The main types of electronic information

The classification of information resources (informatics directly points to this) in the most general case implies two main types of RI according to the criterion of the mode of use:

• Online - direct access to documents on servers through networks;
• Offline - the use of documents, databases or fragments thereof in the form of copies of primary information from a server stored on an electronic medium.

In a sense, the classification of electronic information is somewhat similar to the content division, but in addition there is a section of the software market:

• Commercial software;
• Free software (freeware), including open source products (GNU GPL license);
• Shareware.

As another supplement, some sources indicate the sector of information services and services.

The concept of an electronic document

A document of this type in most cases is understood as documented information presented in electronic form, for the perception of which electronic computers are used, and for transmission, communication and network tools.

Information of this type can be presented in the form of separate files, databases and arrays or automated systems. In addition, the legal aspect of the lawful use of certain documents, the certification and certification of systems, as well as the protection of information of any level of access and species are of particular importance.

Classification of information on the Internet

Classification of electronic information resources would be absolutely incomplete if the Internet were not addressed, since today most electronic documents are available there.

Here are some basic criteria:

• Form of presentation (web pages, information and file servers, databases, teleconferences);
• Language and territorial features;
• Content, etc.

Types of Internet resources

Types and classification of information educational resources in the learning process are considered in sufficient detail. However, it is possible to add some additions, including the notion of additional types of Internet resources in the distribution of RIs for classes.

As a rule, among the criteria are the following:

• Completeness and functional content;
• The principle of interaction with the user (informative, interactive);
• Availability.

In the content part, the sites are divided into business cards (laconic pages with basic information), blogs (personal pages), promotion sites (advertising of goods and services), electronic shops and services, information sites with specific topics, web portals (large resources or the Internet ), Corporate representative offices (systems for automating the activities of companies), enterprise management systems integrated into the Internet and intranets (external and internal networks).

When interacting with the user, it is possible to distinguish such types of IR as information (network editions, media, television, radio), applied (online libraries and databases, software storage with the possibility of downloading, search engines), direct-communication (social networks, the Internet -community), entertainment (games, music, videos, jokes, etc.), commercial (sites with paid services and online stores), promotional IR advertising character.

If we talk about the degree of availability, this criterion makes it possible to divide IR into public (open to all users without exception), intranet (access is available only to employees of any organization within the intranet), extra-network (placed on the Internet, but access is restricted to a limited number of users ).

Information Services

Finally, it is worth mentioning separately about information services. First of all, in this category, services are allocated for searching and processing information, issuing documents of any type upon request and storing information.

The second important section is the provision of services on the use of the Internet, databases and AIS, on access to the Internet or networks and the transfer of information, as well as the use of e-mail and the provision of hosting (the formation of personal pages).

Protection of IR

And, needless to say, any IR should be protected at the highest level, and it does not matter what type they belong to, and regardless of the media on which they are stored.

In addition, the legal aspect (copyright, legislation, licensing, certification) and software in the form of antivirus or firewalls (firewalls - software or "iron"), cryptographic technologies for encrypting data or connections, etc., can also be understood under protection. .

Conclusion

As can be seen from the above, information resources classifications can be given quite a lot, especially if you consider the huge number of various criteria that can be applied in each specific case. It goes without saying that some conditional separations of the IR into the corresponding classes in different variants may not coincide. Nevertheless, in general terms, they are all very similar and have much in common. Finally, all the classes of R & D are mostly closely interrelated, and here only a small part of all that can be considered if we specify a particular type of RI is given.