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Citizenship and citizenship: what's the difference?

Arguing about how people are connected with their country, sooner or later we come across such concepts as citizenship and citizenship. At first glance it seems that they are identical in meaning. However, it is not. To understand, you should refer to the history of the emergence of terms. Then it becomes clear what the concepts of "citizenship", "citizenship" are, when and why they are applied. Let's try to formulate it.

The essence of the problem

When considering what citizenship and citizenship is, it is usually said that terms describe the relationship of residents with different types of states. The first word refers to monarchies, the second - to democracies. But in fact everything is somewhat deeper. It is necessary to understand that citizenship and citizenship differ only in the Russian language. In English, for example, there are slightly different terms in terms of describing the relationship with the state. Probably this topic also appears in the political science of China and other countries that did not fully adopt the Western model of democracy. Nowadays the concept of citizenship is more widespread. They describe the legal norms that characterize the relationship with the country, the duties and rights of each of the parties. In contrast to this term, citizenship reflects the relationship between a citizen and a monarch. In the most general sense, these terms are identical. After all, in the monarchies of the old type, the Head of State personified the entire system. But subjects have much less rights. And the duties of the monarch in relation to them are blurred, not standardized. Let's take a deeper look at each concept.

Citizenship

Persons living in the territory of a country are vested with rights and have duties. All this is contained in the institution of citizenship. This is a system of norms that describe the mutual duties and responsibilities of people to their state. It is built on certain principles. Among them, it is worth pointing out the equal rights of all people, regardless of how they acquired citizenship. It should be remembered that they can be different. As a rule, children born in the country, from their parents, one of whom has citizenship, receive it automatically. But there is an opportunity to receive it under a special procedure. Some countries allow dual citizenship. The person who owns them is responsible to each of the countries. And this is a serious burden. For example, it is necessary to pay taxes in each of the states, take part in plebiscites, perform other civil duties.

About citizenship

In a sense, this term can be considered obsolete. Even in modern monarchies, the institution of citizenship has already been established and documented. That is, duties and rights are fixed on paper. And this is exactly what the concepts of "citizenship" and "citizenship" differ by and large. The first, we repeat, speaks about the relationship between man and the monarch, the second describes its relationship with the state. Nationality originally meant living in a certain territory, and in Russia - also belonging to the Christian community. Confusion arose with foreigners. They did not automatically receive citizenship. And the children of foreigners were also considered outsiders. To change the situation, Peter I by decree secured the possibility of obtaining Russian citizenship in a special way. For this, the foreigner was supposed to take an oath of allegiance to the sovereign. This historical fact only confirms that citizenship is a concept that describes a person's relationship with a monarch. To him, in contrast, citizenship does not depend on the head of state. In addition, a person can not be deprived of this privilege unilaterally.

About documents

We live in a formalized world. Any rule of law is reflected in the relevant document. Here we are faced with another factor that distinguishes between citizenship and citizenship. In democratic countries it is customary to issue passports to people of a certain age. This document also confirms that a person is a citizen. By the way, in the UK, there are also passports. They are received by the citizens of the country, who are at the same time the subjects of Her Majesty. There is a double norm, demonstrating the democratic nature of the monarchy. Passports are obtained by all citizens of the state. They have a uniform form (in the country). In this way, the principle of single citizenship is observed. He argues that all people have the same rights and duties in relation to their homeland. By the way, in the last word one can see one more difference of the described concepts.

Attitude towards the Motherland

Patriotism is a fairly broad concept. Its essence depends on the mentality of society and its members. That is, in it different countries put different, but similar meanings. Let's consider, for example, from this point of view the citizenship and citizenship of Russia. Historically, the inhabitants of this country, no matter how much they expand and not shrink, consider it their duty to protect it from enemies. And in this sense, the concepts of citizenship and modern citizenship are identical. In ancient times, people stood up with weapons in their hands against those who encroached on their land. They gave this love to their descendants. Citizens of the Russian Federation are jealous of the greatness of their Motherland, they are proud of it, they are trying to protect themselves from an external and internal enemy. In Russia, the continuity of concepts can be traced. In a sense, it is formalized in the Constitution, which describes the duties of a resident of the country.

Ways of acquiring citizenship

It should be noted that continuity exists in legal mechanisms. If we carefully consider the citizenship and citizenship of the Russian Federation, we will see that the methods of obtaining it have expanded over time. But the main or most common ones remained the same, they only got legislative fixing. Citizenship of the Russian Federation can be purchased as follows:

  1. Recognition by birth.
  2. As a result of the reception.
  3. By choice (option), in the course of changing the state ownership of the territory of residence (remember the Crimea 2014).
  4. Other.

The most common is the first method. And it exists for several centuries. In the same way, the Russian Empire was given citizenship. Naturalization is also a process of obtaining citizenship, it is initiated by the person himself. Here again we will recall Peter I and his decree on oath. This was a principled prototype of an initiative acquisition of citizenship. During the option, a person also applies to the country with a statement about the desire to become its resident. Sometimes authorities grant citizenship on their own initiative. This is the way to reward a person for special merits.

Withdrawal from citizenship

There is also a reverse process. A country and a person having citizenship (citizenship) could always break off relations. But it happened in different ways. The monarch solely solved the issues of citizenship and had an initiative in this matter. That is, a person could lose the privilege of belonging to the country without his consent. Another thing is citizenship. It is not supposed to be selected. In the Russian Federation, the principle of inadmissibility of deprivation of citizenship is legally fixed. The person himself has the right to refuse, but the state can not initiate such a question. We did not mention yet another principle: the preservation of citizenship. A person who lives in another country does not lose it automatically. That is, citizenship is fixed on an ongoing basis. It is possible to get rid of it only initiative, having submitted the corresponding documents to the state bodies. By the way, in Ukraine this process is more complicated than in the Russian Federation. This encountered residents of the Crimea, who, having adopted Russian citizenship, basically could not get out of the old one.

Conclusion

The concepts of "citizenship" and "citizenship" have a lot of differences. The main thing is that the first one speaks about the connection of a person with the Motherland, the second - with a monarch. It is worth noting, finally, that the terms have a single historical basis.

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