Chronological table of Pushkin. Life and work of Pushkin

The work of the Russian literary genius AS Pushkin is so great and unlimited that it is impossible to imagine. A brief chronological table of Pushkin, of course, will not be able to accommodate all this in himself. He is considered the founder of the modern Russian language. The prose writer, poet, storyteller and dramatist Pushkin adore reading millions of people around the world. The times of Pushkin have long since passed. But his creative heritage still lives his literary life on the theatrical stage and in cinema, bearing a deep philosophical and poetic meaning, which everyone opens in his own way, to the extent of education and education, as well as moral and spiritual development.

Pedigree of Pushkin

In order to understand Pushkin's creative plans and lyrical moods, it is necessary first of all to study his biography, which is very turbulent and interesting. The chronological table of Pushkin (his life and work) contains many important dates. For a rather short period of life, measured to him, he could forever leave an indelible memory of himself, thanks to his immortal works.

The great-grandfather of the poet was the same Abram Petrovich Hannibal - Ethiopian arap, a recipient and pet of Tsar Peter I, who became a famous general of the Russian army and chief military engineer.

It is known that Pushkin is a descendant of an ancient nobleman, but an impoverished tribe of the times of Ivan the Terrible. Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, the poet's parent, was a retired major who married a secular lady, Nadezhda Osipovna, in the nephew of Hannibal. Their marriage was considered a misalliance, because they had a big age difference.

Pushkin's mother was a grand-niece to her husband, Sergei Lvovich. They were married in 1796. Their marriage was strong enough. They had eight children, but five of them died in infancy. Remained only Olga, Alexander and Leo, the upbringing of which was often carried out by foreign tutors.

Children's years of Pushkin, 1799-1811

The boy, who was called Alexander, was born in 1799, on May 26 (according to a new calendar on June 6). Then his parents lived in Moscow, on the German street, in Skvortsov's house. The boy grew up quick and playful, his beloved grandmother, Hannibal Maria Alekseevna, whom he often visited in Zakharovo outside Moscow, simply adored him. She was the very first to introduce her grandson to reading and writing and to tell various stories from family legends. His second best friend was his favorite nanny, Arina Rodionovna. She instilled in the little future genius a love of Russian folklore.

Already at the age of nine Pushkin got acquainted with his father's library and was carried away by reading the works of such famous poets and writers as Homer, Voltaire, Plutarch, etc. Inspired by Moliere's creativity, he wrote his first poem in French, trying his untapped talent In Russian versification.

Lyceum, 1811-1817

In the autumn of 1811, Pushkin entered a higher educational institution, the Imperial Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum for noble children. It was here that Pushkin formed his own worldview and political convictions, he revealed himself as a magnificent poet. His lyrical mood is full of delight and joy. It is in the Lyceum that Pushkin's real poetic life begins to bubble.

He writes about 130 poems, among which "Window", "To a friend poet", "Desire" and others. The original language and simplicity of presentation distinguished his poems from the work of other young contemporary poets. Critic VG Belinsky already at that time saw in him the makings of a future national poet. During his studies at the Lyceum Pushkin was admitted to the literary circle "Arzamas", published in the journal "Russian Museum" and began the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila."

Pushkin and Derzhavin, 1815

The chronological table of Pushkin contains another very interesting and important event for the poet, which he will recall on time in his memoirs. Once, in January 1815, at that very old Derzhavin was present at the lyceum at a public examination. All the lyceum students were very worried before the performance. When Pushkin went out to read his poem "Reminiscence in Tsarskoe Selo", Derzhavin immediately became very animated, his eyes glittered. Pushkin reached the place where Derzhavin's name was mentioned, his voice rang, and his heart began to beat violently. When he had finished, Derzhavin was delighted and invariably wished to embrace the gifted youth, but Pushkin fled, and then he simply was not found.

In the summer of 1817, the lyceum students take final exams. It is worth mentioning that several friends-lyceum students later participated in the Decembrist uprising of 1825. After the release of the biographical story of Pushkin is gaining its new turn, and the poet begins an exciting independent life.

Petersburg Life, 1817-1820

Immediately after the Lyceum Pushkin leaves for St. Petersburg and serves to serve in the State Collegium for Foreign Affairs. There, the poet's life will be filled not only with merriment and carelessness, he will show a progressive vein of patriotism, liberal views and attitudes that the noble youth lived at that time. He will write his famous ode "Liberty", poems "To Chaadayev", "Village", etc. Pushkin becomes very popular and famous person in secular circles, his political poems evoke genuine interest among the public. For this he will pay. Tsar Alexander I will want to send Pushkin to exile in Siberia. But the intercession of Zhukovsky and Karamzin will save the fearless poet from this severe punishment, and he will be sent to serve in the Caucasus.

Southern reference, 1820-1822

First he lived in the Caucasus, then went to the Crimea, Chisinau, Odessa. Over the years in the southern exile, he pondered and worked extensively on such famous works as "The Prisoner of the Caucasus" and "Bakhchisarai Fountain." At the same time, he wrote a parody poem "Gavriiliad", which plays out the plot of the holy Gospel, which later will be regretted for the rest of his life. But then, young and hot, he was still very far from this, since he entered the Masonic lodge in Chisinau.

Reference in Mikhailovsky, 1824-1825

For participation in Freemasonry, which Alexander I banned by his decree on August 1, 1822, Pushkin was sent under house arrest to his family estate, the village of Mikhailovskoe, which is near Pskov. After the crowded and noisy Odessa life of Pushkin changed, the restless lyrics were very sad and boring there. Only creativity became his salvation and preserved the firmness of the spirit. He spent almost two years there. Nurse Arina Rodionovna in the evenings entertained him with fairy tales. His lonely life was brightened up also by visits to the neighbor-landowner Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, where he accidentally met Anna Kern, who later wrote a poem "I remember a wonderful moment".

In Mikhailovsky he also begins to work on the historical drama Boris Godunov, while often visiting the library of the Svyatogorsk Holy Assumption Monastery, communicating with the monks, changing his views and spiritual life. From under his pen comes "Eugene Onegin" and the poem "Gypsies". So exiled years Pushkin.

Wedding with Natalia Goncharova

Pushkin, engaged to Goncharova, was forced to leave for Boldino to settle his hereditary affairs, and he had to stay there for three whole months. Escaping from gloomy thoughts, he is working hard on famous fairy tales and works: "Little Tragedies", "The Story of the late Ivan Vasilyevich Belkin", without which the author's biography of Pushkin written by any author is inconceivable today .

The chronological table, which was placed below, did not ignore the important fact that in Moscow in February 1831 AS Pushkin was crowned with Natalia Goncharova. Marriage with her became truly fatal for him, and brought him both happiness and sorrow. His wife was so beautiful that it drove not only the courtiers' craziness, but also the most senior nobles.

The Pushkin family had four children. Then he worked at the court of Tsar Nicholas I as a chamber-cadet. But this was the lowest noble rank, which humiliated the poet's dignity. Money was not enough, so the debts of the family grew, and all this weakened Pushkin. At this time he writes stories "The Queen of Spades", "The Bronze Horseman", the story "Dubrovsky", which he will not be able to finish.

After a while he resigns, he works a lot in the state archives and wants to write about Pugachev, he creates the magazine Sovremennik, where he is published by NV Gogol, AI Turgenev, VA Zhukovsky, but things never Get on well.

Duel with Dantes

Pushkin and his wife gradually flew a network of intrigues and slander, since the persistent young Frenchman Dantes did not give the passage to Natalia Goncharova. Then Pushkin, defending the honor of his wife and his family, was simply forced to call on the duel of Dantes, the Duel took place on January 27, 1837. In this duel, AS Pushkin received a fatal wound. Two days later in Petersburg, he died from painful pains and blood poisoning, a few minutes before his death, communing with an Orthodox priest.

On February 6, 1937, he was buried in the cemetery of the Holy Assumption Monastery, which is located 5 km from the patrimonial estate of the poet, the village of Mikhailovskoye in the Pskov Region.

This is such a beautiful, bright, but very short - life story of Pushkin, the greatest Russian poet. Contemporaries now can only regret that so early and so tragically ended his life.

A Brief Chronological Table of Pushkin's Life

The life of Pushkin was dazzlingly bright and saturated. However, not as happy as we would like. This chronological table of Pushkin contains only a small part of those events that the great poet had to endure.