Cavernous hemangioma

Cavernous hemangioma affects the vessels of the skin, subcutaneous tissue or soft tissue. This formation looks like a soft tumor of a spongy consistency. Cavernous hemangioma in children at birth is not visible. In the development of malformation, lymphatic vessels and capillaries are often involved.

In some cases, cavernous hemangioma is combined with varicose veins, flaming nevi and arteriovenous fistulas. Complaints in patients, as a rule, do not exist, but the function of hypertrophied limb is possible. This disease has a pronounced cosmetic defect. On the skin there are elements of rash, tumor-like formations of soft tissues, having lobate or domed shape. The dimensions of education can be very different, their boundaries are blurred. Cavernous hemangioma, adjacent to the epidermis, has a warty surface. The skin color on the affected areas often does not differ from a healthy shade. When pressing on the hemangioma, a fovea forms, which quickly disappears.

Cavernous hemangioma can be of several kinds.

- Vascular hamartoma is located deep in soft tissues and is accompanied by an increase or swelling of the limb. Skeletal muscle atrophy is possible . On examination, arteriovenous fistulas and enlarged branched veins are found;

- Klippel-Trenone syndrome is a combination of hemangioma with hypertrophy of soft tissues and bones. Symptoms: varicose enlargement, an increase in the limb, a flaming nevus. The vice can be combined with polydactyly, syndactyly and a linear nevus;

- blue bladdered nevus is located in the subcutaneous fat and dermis. It looks like a tumor-like formation of a soft consistency of blue. Dimensions range from a few millimeters to centimeters. In the area of hemangiomas, there may be increased sweating. Most often, the hemangiomas are located on the trunk and shoulders. Very often they are found in the gastrointestinal tract, where they cause intestinal bleeding;

- Mafucci syndrome is a combination of multiple hemangiomas with chondroplasia. The vice manifests itself in the deformation of bones and the formation of hard knots on the fingers and toes. The diagnosis is established on the basis of the clinical picture and is confirmed by angiography. Complications of hemangiomas can be secondary infections, scarring, bleeding, ulceration. With a large tumor size, heart failure occurs, accompanied by a high cardiac output.

Cavernous hemangioma: treatment

The main method of treatment is applying pressure bandages, wearing elastic stockings, pneumatic compression. With hemangiomas of large size or with violations of the function of internal organs, embolization or excision of cavernous hemangioma is performed. Also used in large doses of interferon and corticosteroids. In most cases, hemangioma is not a serious threat to the health and life of the patient. They treat the defect by exposure to very low temperatures, cryodestruction. This method is especially often used in the treatment of simple hemangiomas in their rapid development. To completely get rid of hemangioma requires several sessions of exposure to the area affected by snow with stone acid or liquid nitrogen on an outpatient basis. The tissue in the area of exposure is frozen for a short time, and then a new tissue is formed in its place. At the same time, scarring does not even occur. Good results in the treatment of hemangiomas are provided by laser irradiation and sclerosing therapy. These methods are used in the treatment of combined cavernous hemangiomas. The method of treatment is chosen depending on localization.