Cancer of the cecum: symptoms, causes, stages

Cancer of the cecum is an oncological disease that occurs in 11% of people. In this part of the intestine, benign tumors often appear, and sometimes they become malignant.

Causes

Currently, doctors have not yet studied the cancer of the cecum to the end, so only approximate reasons are known.

These include:

• Neoplasms of benign and malignant nature.
• Diseases of the digestive system (polyps, ulcerative colitis and others).
• Nutrition with the intake of animal fats and refined carbohydrates in large quantities.
• Hypodinamy.
• Heredity.
• Age is more than 48 years.
• Smoking of tobacco products.
• Presence of papillomas of type 16.
• Frequent use of alcohol.
• Constant emotional overstrain.
• Long use of medicines.
• Work on the production with the use of harmful elements.
• Metabolic processes that occur in the body in the presence of excess weight and diabetes.

Unbalanced nutrition, which does not contain a sufficient number of vegetables and cereals, greatly overloads the digestive tract. If the human body does not receive the required amount of fiber, then the process of fermentation begins. Because of this, the process of developing carcinogenic elements that cause great harm to health is launched.

Bad habits disrupt normal blood circulation and knock down the work of the vascular system.

A sedentary lifestyle leads to stagnation and a constant accumulation of feces. This disrupts the work of the intestines and reduces the absorption of useful elements by the walls of the bowels.

Hereditary factor increases the risk of disease occurrence by approximately 34%.

Symptoms

Signs of cancer of the cecum:

• Blood and mucus in the feces.
• Discomfort and pain in the area of the stomach, which can be given to the right side.
• Constant weakness.
• Fast fatiguability.
• Decreased appetite.
• Stagnation of fecal masses.
• The smell of stool becomes strong and unpleasant.
• The mode of visiting the toilet is getting confused.
• Occurrence of bleeding.
• Strong weight loss.
• Increase in body temperature.
• Nausea.
• Bloating.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.

The cancer of the cecum, the symptoms of which are described above, is difficult to overlook. When even one sign appears, you need to see a doctor.

In the photo you can see the cecum.

Stages of the disease

Doctors distinguish 5 stages of cancer of the cecum.

• Zero stage. The tumor has a small size. Only the upper layers of the walls of the large intestine are affected. Lymph nodes are not affected, metastasis is absent.

• The first stage. The tumor penetrated into the second and third layer of the walls of the large intestine. Lymph nodes are not affected, distant metastases are not diagnosed.

• The second stage. Tumor formation damages the entire wall of the large intestine and penetrates the other side. Lymph nodes are not affected, metastasis is absent.

• The third stage. Malignant formation damages adjacent organs and tissues. Lymph node damage is recorded, and no metastases are detected.

• Cancer of the cecum of the 4th stage. Tissues and organs are affected by education. Lymph nodes are damaged, there are metastases.

Classification of the disease

The histological classification subdivides the cancer of the cecum into the following species:

• Adenocarcinomas.
• Ring-shaped.
• Undifferentiated.
• Not classified.
• Squamous cell.
• Ploskokletochno-ferruginous.

The oncologist doctor treats cancer of the cecum.

Diagnosis of the disease

Cancer of the cecum is detected by doctors in many ways.

First of all, they produce palpation, auscultation and percussion. These methods allow to determine the location of the tumor, its condition, the presence of fluid in the cavity (abdominal) and the presence of noises, which occur with a difficult patency of the intestinal tract.

In the second turn, rheumatoscopy, irrigoscopy and colonoscopy are used. So, doctors conduct a visual examination, specify the size of the tumor and its location.

In the third place, ultrasound and CT are prescribed. They allow to estimate the spread of the tumor.

Only after carrying out all procedures, doctors will be able to see a full picture of the disease. By results they will put the exact diagnosis.

Treatment of the disease

After the doctors confirm the diagnosis of cancer of the cecum, the treatment is started immediately.

There are three main methods of therapy.

1. Operational method (surgical). It is the main type of treatment that is used at any stage of the disease. During the operation, the formation of a malignant type is removed with the application of anastomosis. The vastness of the surgical method depends on how the disease spread.
2. Method of radiation therapy. It is used before surgery to reduce the tumor tissue. Also after surgery, it helps to prevent re-development. This method has side effects, they arise in the form of dilution of stool, nausea, vomiting and the appearance in the stool of blood and mucus.
3. Method of chemotherapy. This method is used as monotherapy, as well as in combination with the use of several drugs. These include drugs: "fluorouracil" and calcium folinate or "fluorouracil" and "mitomycin."

Sometimes doctors impose a bypass anastomosis. It is used when there is no possibility to remove the tumor in the area of unaffected tissues. Anastomosis is used mainly in the late stages of the disease. The volume of surgical intervention increases when the formation of a malignant form extends to the tissues and organs located near it. It is also used for lymph node involvement.

Forecast

If the treatment was carried out at the zero stage and was successful, the predicted survival rate for doctors is 95%. Because of mild symptoms, the disease can not be diagnosed immediately.

When treatment is carried out at the first stage, the forecast is 91%. This is due to the fact that cancer cells affect the second and third layers of the intestine.

If the treatment was carried out in the second stage, the survival rate varies from 70 to 82%. It depends on how deep the tumor has grown into the adjacent tissues.

Treatment in the third stage guarantees the patient's survival in only 42-63%. These indicators depend on how badly the organs are damaged near the tumor and whether the lymph nodes are affected.

Therapy at the last (fourth) stage guarantees survival in only 6-10% for 6-7 years after therapy.

These figures were obtained during the study.

Prevention

In order to prevent the disease, you need to observe a few simple rules:

• Avoid stressful situations.
• Eat in a balanced way.
• Get rid of bad habits.
• Move more and do sports.
• Keep track of your health.

If you have a hereditary factor, then visit the doctor regularly and take the tests. So, with the appearance of such a disease as cancer of the cecum, stage one or zero give a significant chance for a full-fledged further life provided timely treatment.

If you have found signs of cancer of the cecum, then immediately consult a doctor. So, when you confirm the diagnosis, you can start treatment, and you will have a better chance of recovery.